QuickLinksTABLE OF CONTENTS-- Click here to rapidly navigate through this document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No.      )

Filed by the Registrant ☒
Filed by the Registrantý

Filed by a Party other than the Registranto

Check the appropriate box:

o


Preliminary Proxy Statement

o


Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

ý


Definitive Proxy Statement

o


Definitive Additional Materials

o


Soliciting Material under §240.14a-12


Filed by a Party other than the Registrant ☐
Check the appropriate box:
Plug Power Inc.

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)


(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):

ý


No fee required.

o


Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1) and 0-11.
(1)Title of each class of securities to which transaction applies:
(2)Aggregate number of securities to which transaction applies:
(3)Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how it was determined):
(4)Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
(5)Total fee paid:

o


Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

o


Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous filing by registration statement number, or the Form or Schedule and the date of its filing.



(1)


Amount Previously Paid:
(2)Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
(3)Filing Party:
(4)Date Filed:


Preliminary Proxy Statement

Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))

Definitive Proxy Statement

Definitive Additional Materials

Soliciting Material Pursuant to § 240.14a-12
PLUG POWER INC.
(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
Payment of Filing Fee (Check all boxes that apply):

No fee required.

Fee paid previously with preliminary materials.

Fee computed on table in exhibit required by Item 25(b) per Exchange Act Rules 14a- 6(i)(1) and 0-11.


PLUG POWER INC.
968 Albany Shaker Road

Latham, NY 12110

March 30, 2018

April 26, 2024
Dear Stockholder:

You are cordially invited to attend the 20182024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Annual Meeting"“Annual Meeting”) of Plug Power Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"(“Plug Power,” “Plug” or the “Company”), to be held via live audio webcast at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024 on Wednesday, May 16, 2018,June 5, 2024, at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, atTime. There will not be a physical meeting location, and stockholders will not be able to attend the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018.

Annual Meeting in person. This means that you can attend the Annual Meeting online, vote your shares during the online meeting and submit questions online during the virtual meeting. You will need the 16-digit control number, which is located on your proxy card, to attend the Annual Meeting. Details regarding admission to the Annual Meeting and the business to be conducted are more fully described in the accompanying Proxy Statement.

The proxy statement, with the accompanying formal notice of the meeting, describes the matters expected to be acted upon at the Annual Meeting as well as information on how you can vote your shares and submit questions at the Annual Meeting.

Only holders of record of Plug Power’s common stock at the close of business on April 8, 2024 will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements thereof.

Your vote is important. Your proxy or voting instruction card includes specific information regarding the several ways to vote your shares. We encourage you to vote as soon as possible, even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting.Meeting virtually. You may vote over the internet,Internet, by telephone or by mail. By promptly submitting your vote, you will save the Company the expense of further proxy solicitation.
If you have any questions, please contact MackenzieMacKenzie Partners, Inc., which is assisting with the solicitation, toll-free at (800) 322-2885 or at proxy@mackenziepartners.com.

        Thank

We hope that you for yourwill join us on June 5, 2024. Your investment and continued support of Plug Power.

Power are very much appreciated.
Sincerely,
[MISSING IMAGE: sg_andrewmarsh-bw.jpg]
Andrew J. Marsh
President and Chief Executive Officer



Sincerely,

/s/ ANDREW MARSH


Andrew Marsh
President and Chief Executive Officer


IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR
THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 16, 2018:

Our official Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement are available at:
www.proxyvote.com



IMPORTANT VOTING INFORMATION

STOCKHOLDERS MAY REQUEST ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF PROXY DOCUMENTS.

        Plug Power Inc. has made materials for its 2018 annual meeting of stockholders (the "Annual Meeting") to be held on Wednesday, May 16, 2018, at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018, available to stockholders on the Internet via www.proxyvote.com or via sendmaterial@proxyvote.com. Upon request, printed versions or e-mail versions of these materials will be made available to stockholders through www.proxyvote.com, by telephoning 1-800-579-1639 or by emailing sendmaterial@proxyvote.com. Further instructions to stockholders can be found on the notice of the Annual Meeting.


INFORMATION REGARDING ADMISSION TO THE ANNUAL MEETING

        In accordance with our security procedures, all stockholders attending the Annual Meeting must present valid picture identification upon entry.


PLUG POWER INC.
968 Albany Shaker Road

Latham, NY 12110

(518) 782-7700

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
To Be Held on Wednesday, May 16, 2018

June 5, 2024

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the 20182024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) of Plug Power Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"“Company”), will be held on Wednesday, May 16, 2018,June 5, 2024, virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time, at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 (the "Annual Meeting") for the purpose of considering and voting upon:

1.

The election of three (3) Class I Directors, each to hold office until the Company's 2021Company’s 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director'sdirector’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director'sdirector’s earlier resignation or removal;

2.

The approval of the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock representing 20% or more of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock upon the exercise of a warrant issued by the Company to Walmart, Inc. as described in the accompanying proxy statement;

3.
The approval of thenon-binding, advisory resolutionvote regarding the compensation of the Company'sCompany’s named executive officers as described in the accompanyingthis proxy statement;

4.
3.
The ratification of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP as the Company'sCompany’s independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm for 2018;2024; and

5.
4.
Such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements thereof.

This year’s Annual Meeting will be held in a virtual-only meeting format. There will not be a physical meeting location, and stockholders will not be able to attend the Annual Meeting in person.
The Board of Directors has fixed the close of business on March 26, 2018April 8, 2024 as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements thereof. Only holders of record of the Company'sCompany’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, at the close of business on such record date will be entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements thereof.

        Any action may be taken on the foregoing matters

A list of stockholders entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting on the date specified above, or onwill be open to examination by any date or datesstockholders, for any purpose germane to which, by original or later postponement or adjournment, the Annual Meeting, mayduring ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the Annual Meeting at the principal executive offices of the Company at 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110. The stockholder list will also be postponed or adjourned.

available during the Annual Meeting.

YOUR VOTE AND PARTICIPATION IN THE COMPANY'SCOMPANY’S AFFAIRS ARE IMPORTANT.

Whether or not you expect to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, please vote your shares to ensure your representation and the presence of a quorum at the Annual Meeting. Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own.



If your shares are registered in your name, even if you plan to attendmay vote your shares on the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment of the Annual Meeting in person, we request that you voteInternet by visiting www.proxyvote.com, by telephone overby calling 1-800-690-6903 and following the Internet,recorded instructions or complete, signby completing, signing, dating, and returning a proxy card. If you mail your proxy card or vote by telephone or the Internet and then decide to ensure thatvote your shares will be represented atonline during the Annual Meeting.

Meeting, you may still do so. Your proxy is revocable in accordance with the procedures set forth in the proxy statement. See “Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?”

If your shares are held in the name of a broker, trust, bank or other nominee, and you receive notice of the Annual Meeting through your broker or through another intermediary, please vote or complete and return the materials in accordance with the instructions provided to you by such broker or other intermediary or contact your broker directly in orderintermediary.
Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Stockholders Meeting to obtain abe Held on June 5, 2024:
This Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the proxy issued to you by your nominee holder to attendstatement and the Annual MeetingReport on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 are available for viewing, printing and vote in person.

downloading at www.proxyvote.com.

By Order of the Board of Directors

/s/ GERARD L. CONWAY, JR.


[MISSING IMAGE: sg_gerardlconwayjr-bw.jpg]
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.

Corporate Secretary

Latham, NY
March 30, 2018



April 26, 2024




TABLE OF CONTENTS
71
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This proxy statement contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. You can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “aim,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “likely,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” or other similar expressions. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including those contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they are made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, unless required by law.



PLUG POWER INC.

968 Albany Shaker Road

Latham, NY 12110

(518) 782-7700



PROXY STATEMENT



2024 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held on Wednesday, May 16, 2018

June 5, 2024

This Proxy Statementproxy statement and the accompanying form of proxy are being furnished in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Board of Directors (the “Board” or “Board of Directors”) of Plug Power Inc. ("(“we," "us," "our," "Plug Power"” “us,” “our,” “Plug Power” or the "Company"“Company”) for use at the 20182024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company (the “Annual Meeting”) to be held virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024 on Wednesday, May 16, 2018,June 5, 2024 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time, at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018, and any adjournments or postponements thereof (the "Annual Meeting").thereof. This Proxy Statementproxy statement and the accompanying form of proxy are first being sent or givenmade available to our stockholders on or about March 30, 2018.


April 26, 2024. This proxy statement contains important information for you to consider when deciding how to vote on the matters brought before the Annual Meeting. Please read it carefully.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING,

    What is a proxy?

        A proxy is another person that you legally designate to vote your shares. If you designate someone as your proxy in a written document, that document is also called a "proxy" or a "proxy card." If you are a street name holder, you must obtain a proxy from your broker or nominee in order to vote your shares in person at the Annual Meeting.

    What is a proxy statement?

        A proxy statement is a document that regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") require that we give to you when we ask you to sign a proxy card to vote your shares at the Annual Meeting.

    What is in this proxy statement?

        This proxy statement describes the proposals on which we would like you, as a stockholder, to vote at the Annual Meeting. It gives you information on the proposals, as well as other information about us, so that you can make an informed decision whether or how to vote your shares.


    THE PROXY MATERIALS, AND VOTING YOUR SHARES

What is the purpose of the Annual Meeting?

The purpose of the Annual Meeting is for our stockholders to consider and vote upon the following matters:

1.

The election of three (3) Class I Directors, each to hold office until the Company's 2021Company’s 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director'sdirector’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director'sdirector’s earlier resignation or removal;

2.

The approval of the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock representing 20% or more of our issued and outstanding common stock upon the exercise of a warrant issued by the Company to Walmart, Inc. as described in this proxy statement;

3.
The approval of thenon-binding, advisory resolutionvote regarding the compensation of our named executive officers as described in this proxy statement;

    4.
    3.
    The ratification of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP as our independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm for 2018;2024; and

    5.
4.
Such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting and any adjournments or postponements thereof.

What is "householding"the record date and what does it mean?
The record date to determine the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting is the close of business on April 8, 2024 (the “Record Date”). The Record Date was established by the Board as required by Delaware law.

1


Who is entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting?
Only holders of record of the Company’s common stock at the close of business on the Record Date may vote at the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof. As of the Record Date, the Company had approximately 696,169,346 shares of common stock outstanding. Cumulative voting is not permitted with respect to the election of directors or any other matter to be considered at the Annual Meeting.
How many votes do I have?
Each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the Record Date is entitled to one vote on each matter to be voted upon at the Annual Meeting.
How can I attend the Annual Meeting?
We will be hosting our Annual Meeting via live webcast only. Any stockholder can attend the Annual Meeting virtually at www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024. The webcast will start at 10:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on June 5, 2024. Stockholders may vote and ask questions while attending the Annual Meeting online. In order to be able to attend the Annual Meeting, you will need the 16-digit control number, which is located on your proxy card. Instructions on how to participate in the Annual Meeting are also posted online at www.proxyvote.com.
If you hold your shares in “street name” through a broker, bank or other nominee, you will need to demonstrate proof of beneficial ownership to virtually attend the Annual Meeting. A recent brokerage statement or a letter from your bank or broker showing your share ownership as of the Record Date are examples of proof of ownership. If you want to vote your shares held in street name in person, you must get a legal proxy in your name from the broker, bank or other nominee that holds your shares, and submit it with your vote.
What is the difference between a stockholder of record and a “street name” holder?
If your shares are registered directly in your name with Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc., our transfer agent, you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials has been sent directly to you by us.
If your shares are held through one or more brokers, banks or other nominees, such broker, bank or nominee is considered the record holder of those shares. You are considered the beneficial owner of these shares, and your shares are held in “street name.” The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials and any additional instructions should have been forwarded to you from the third party or parties through which you hold our shares. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your nominee on how to vote your shares. You will receive instructions from your nominee explaining how you can vote your shares. We encourage you to provide voting instructions to your nominee.
This ensures that your shares will be voted at the Annual Meeting according to your instructions.
What is a broker non-vote?
Under New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules, which also apply to Nasdaq-listed companies, if you hold shares through a broker, bank or other institution and you do not

2


timely provide voting instructions to them before the Annual Meeting, that firm has the discretion to vote your shares only on proposals that are routine as determined by the NYSE. Such firm will not have the discretion to vote your shares on proposals that are non-routine as determined by the NYSE. Broker non-votes occur when shares represented at the Annual Meeting held by a broker are not voted on a matter because the broker has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner or person entitled to vote such shares and either the broker does not have discretionary voting authority on the matter or the broker chooses not to vote on a matter for which it has discretionary voting authority.
How will my shares be voted if I am a stockholder of record?
Your proxy will be voted according to your instructions. If you are a stockholder of record and do not vote via the Internet or telephone or by returning a signed proxy card, your shares will not be voted unless you attend the Annual Meeting virtually and vote your shares. If you vote via the Internet or telephone and do not specify contrary voting instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board.
Similarly, if you sign and submit your proxy card with no instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board.
How do I vote my shares?
Your vote is very important to us. If you are a stockholder of record, you can vote your shares by one of the methods explained below:

By Telephone — All record holders can vote by touchtone telephone from the United States by dialing (800) 690-6903. Please have your notice or proxy card, which will contain your voter control number, in hand when voting. “Street name” holders may vote by telephone if their bank, broker or other nominee makes those methods available, in which case the bank, broker or other nominee will enclose the instructions with the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials they send you. The telephone voting procedures are designed to authenticate stockholders’ identities, to allow stockholders to vote their shares, and to confirm that their instructions have been recorded properly.

By Internet Prior to the Annual Meeting — All record holders can transmit their proxy via the Internet prior to the Annual Meeting by following the instructions provided in the proxy card. If you vote over the Internet prior to the Annual Meeting, you will need to have your voter control number printed on the proxy card to access the website. The website is available at www.proxyvote.com.

Via the Internet During the Annual Meeting — All record holders can vote your shares online while virtually attending the Annual Meeting by following the instructions described at www.proxyvote.com. If you vote by proxy prior to the Annual Meeting and choose to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, there is no need to vote again during the Annual Meeting unless you wish to change your vote.

By Written Proxy — If you received a proxy card, you may return the proxy card by mail. If you are a “street name” holder, you will receive instructions and a voting instruction card from your bank, broker or other nominee.

3


The Board has appointed Andrew J. Marsh, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Gerard L. Conway, Jr., General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Executive Vice President, to serve as the proxies for the Annual Meeting.
If you complete all of the proxy card except one or more of the voting instructions or otherwise vote without giving specific voting instructions, then the designated proxies will vote your shares for those proposals for which you provide no voting instructions in the manner described under “What if I do not specify how I want my shares voted?” below. We do not anticipate that any other matters will come before the Annual Meeting, but if any other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting, then the designated proxies will vote your shares in their discretion.
If you hold your shares in “street name,” and complete a voting instruction card provided by your broker, bank or other nominee except with respect to one or more of the proposals or otherwise vote without giving specific instructions, then your broker may be able to vote your shares with respect to the proposal as to which you provide no voting instructions. See “What is a broker non-vote?” above.
Even if you plan to attend the Annual Meeting virtually, we encourage you to vote your shares by proxy in advance of the Annual Meeting so that, in the event that you become unable to attend the Annual Meeting, your shares will still be voted as directed by you. Telephone and Internet voting for stockholders of record will be available until 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 4, 2024, and mailed proxy cards must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 4, 2024 in order to be counted at the Annual Meeting. If the Annual Meeting is adjourned or postponed, these deadlines may be extended. The voting deadlines and methods of voting for beneficial owners of shares held in “street name” will depend on the voting processes of the brokers, banks or other nominees that hold your shares. Therefore, we urge you to carefully review and follow the voting instruction card and any other materials that you receive from that such broker, bank or nominee.
What are my choices when voting?
With respect to Proposal 1 (election of directors), votes may be cast in favor of or withheld from each of the nominees. With respect to Proposal 2, (approval of a non-binding, advisory vote regarding the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers), and Proposal 3 (ratification of appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), stockholders may vote for the proposal, vote against the proposal, or abstain from voting on the proposal.
What are the Board of Directors’ recommendations on how I should vote my shares?
The Board unanimously recommends that you vote your shares as follows:
Proposal 1 — FOR the election of each of the three director nominees as a Class I Director of the Company until the Company’s 2027 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and until such director’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director’s earlier resignation or removal;
Proposal 2 — FOR the approval of the non-binding, advisory vote regarding the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers;
Proposal 3 — FOR the ratification of Deloitte & Touche LLP as the Company’s independent auditors for 2024.

4


What if I do not specify how I want my shares voted?
If you vote via the Internet or telephone and do not specify contrary voting instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board. Similarly, if you sign and submit your proxy card with no instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board of Directors. The Board of Directors recommends voting as set forth above under “What are the Board of Directors’ recommendations on how I should vote my shares?
If you are a “street name” holder and do not provide voting instructions on one or more proposals or otherwise vote without giving specific voting instructions, your bank, broker or other nominee may be able to vote those shares. See “What is a broker non- vote?” above.
Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?
Yes. If you are a record holder, you may revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted on any matter at the Annual Meeting by any of the following means on or before 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on June 4, 2024:

Voting by telephone or online over the Internet at a later date as described in the “How do I vote my shares” section above;

Completing and returning a new valid proxy bearing a later date and returning it by mail; or

Giving written notice of revocation to the Company addressed to the Corporate Secretary, at the Company’s address above.
Virtually attending the Annual Meeting, without voting online during the Annual Meeting, will not revoke your prior Internet vote, telephone vote or proxy submitted by mail, as the case may be.
If you are a “street name” holder, your bank, broker or other nominee should provide instructions explaining how you may change or revoke your voting instructions. Please contact your bank, broker or other nominee and follow its directions to change your vote.
What vote is required to approve each proposal?
For Proposal 1 (election of directors), a plurality of the votes properly cast is required to elect a nominee as a director of the Company. This means that the three nominees who receive the most FOR votes will be elected. For Proposal 2 (approval of a non-binding, advisory vote regarding the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers) and Proposal 3 (ratification of appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes properly cast is required.
How are votes withheld from director nominees, abstentions and broker non-votes treated?
Votes withheld, abstentions and broker non-votes are included in the determination of the number of shares present at the Annual Meeting for determining a quorum at the meeting. For Proposal 1 (election of directors), withhold and broker non-votes will have no effect in determining the outcome of the election of directors. For Proposals 2 (approval of a non-binding, advisory vote regarding the compensation of the Company’s named

5


executive officers), and 3 (ratification of appointment of the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), abstentions and broker non-votes will have no effect on the vote for such proposal.
What is the required quorum for the Annual Meeting?
The presence, virtually or by proxy, of the holders of one-third of outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. For purposes of determining whether a quorum exists, shares are counted as present at the Annual Meeting if a stockholder entitled to vote is present at the meeting, or has submitted a properly signed proxy in writing, or by voting over the Internet or by telephone. We also count votes withheld, abstentions and broker non-votes as present for purposes of determining a quorum. If a quorum is not present or represented at the Annual Meeting, the holders of voting stock representing one-third of the voting power present at the meeting or the presiding officer may adjourn the Annual Meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting until a quorum is present or represented. However, if the adjournment is for more than thirty days from the meeting date, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, notice of the adjourned meeting and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present virtually and vote at such adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote or to notice.
The Company recently reduced the quorum requirement from a majority to one-third of the voting power of the outstanding stock entitled to vote at the Company’s stockholder meetings to ensure that the Company may achieve quorum at the Annual Meeting and at subsequent meetings of stockholders. The Company’s experience over the last few years is that a significant number of its stockholders do not, either directly or through their brokerage accounts, complete their proxies or otherwise deliver voting instructions. Accordingly, securing a quorum at annual meetings has become a challenge despite the Company’s best efforts to solicit participation of its stockholders, directly and with the assistance of its proxy solicitor. The Company believes that reducing the quorum requirement to one-third of the stock entitled to vote on a proposal will reduce the risk of failing to achieve a quorum for any stockholder meetings, which failure would require the Company to adjourn such meetings and therefore cause the Company to incur additional costs and suffer disruptions to its business. If the stockholder turnout increases at stockholder meetings in the future, the Company will consider returning the quorum requirement to a majority of the stock entitled to vote on a proposal.
Why did I receive a notice regarding the availability of proxy materials on the Internet?
Pursuant to rules adopted by the SEC, we have elected to provide access to our proxy materials over the Internet. Accordingly, we have sent you a Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials because our Board is soliciting your proxy to vote at the Annual Meeting, including at any adjournments or postponements of the Annual Meeting. All stockholders as of the Record Date will have the ability to access the proxy materials on the website referred to in the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials or request to receive a printed set of the proxy materials. Instructions on how to access the proxy materials over the Internet or to request a printed copy may be found in the Notice of Internet

6


Availability of Proxy Materials. We intend to mail the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials on or about April 26, 2024 to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting.
Can I access the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders, this proxy statement and the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 on the Internet?
Yes, these materials are available on our website and can be accessed at www.proxyvote.com. The information found on, or accessible through, our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this proxy statement or any other report or document we file with or furnish to the SEC.
What are the solicitation expenses and who pays the cost of this proxy solicitation?
Our Board is soliciting your proxy and we will pay all of the costs of asking for stockholder proxies. We will reimburse brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses for forwarding solicitation material to the beneficial owners of the Company’s common stock and collecting voting instructions. We may use our officers and employees to solicit proxies. These officers and employees will not receive additional compensation for their efforts but will be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, we have retained MacKenzie Partners, Inc. to assist in the solicitation of proxies for a fee of $17,500 plus reimbursement of expenses. The fees of MacKenzie Partners, Inc. as well as the reimbursement of expenses of MacKenzie Partners, Inc. will be borne by us. Under the engagement agreement with MacKenzie Partners, Inc., we will indemnify and hold MacKenzie Partners, Inc. and all of its directors, officers, employees and agents harmless against all claims, expenses, losses, damages, liabilities and/or judgments of any kind whatsoever that arise out of or relate to the advisory, consulting and proxy solicitation services under the agreement (the “Losses”), except for any Losses that are held in a final judicial decision by a court of competent jurisdiction from which no right of appeal exists to have resulted from willful misconduct or bad faith on the part of MacKenzie Partners, Inc.
Is this proxy statement the only way that proxies are being solicited?
No. In addition to the solicitation of proxies by use of the mail, our officers and employees, as well as MacKenzie Partners, Inc., may solicit the return of proxies, either by mail, telephone, fax, e-mail or through personal contact. Brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries, in connection with shares of the Company’s common stock registered in their names, will be requested to forward solicitation materials to the beneficial owners of shares of the Company’s common stock.
Where can I find voting results?
The Company expects to publish the voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K, which it expects to file with the SEC within four business days following the Annual Meeting.
What is “householding” and how does it affect me?

With respect to eligible stockholders who share a single address, we may send only one notice or proxy statement to that address unless we receive instructions to the contrary from any stockholder at that address. This practice, known as "householding",“householding,” is designed

7


to reduce our printing and postage costs.costs and reduce our environmental impact. However, if a stockholder of record residing at such address wishes to receive a separate notice or proxy statement in the future, he or she may contact Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110, Attn: Investor Relations or call the Company at (518) 782-7700 and ask for Investor Relations. Eligible stockholders of record receiving multiple copies of our notice or proxy statement can request householding by contacting us in the same manner. Stockholders who own shares through a bank, broker or other nominee can request householding by contacting the nominee.

We hereby undertake to deliver promptly, upon written or oral request, a copy of the notice or proxy statement to a stockholder at a shared address to which a single copy of the document was delivered. Requests should be directed to Investor Relations at the address or phone number set forth above.

What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials?

You may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of the notice for the Annual Meeting or this proxy statement and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards.materials. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. Similarly, if you are a stockholder of record and hold shares in a brokerage account, you will receive a notice of the Annual Meeting for shares held in your name and a notice or voting instruction card for shares held in street“street name. Please follow the directions provided in the notice for the Annual Meetingcomplete, sign, date, and return each additional notice orproxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to ensure thatcast your vote with respect to all of your shares are voted.

    What isshares.

Can I request a paper or email copy of the record dateproxy materials?
Yes. To facilitate timely delivery of paper or email copies, all requests must be received by May 22, 2024. The Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, this proxy statement, and what does it mean?

        The record date to determine the stockholders entitled to notice of, and to vote at, the Annual Meeting is the close of businessReport on March 26, 2018 (the "Record Date"). The Record Date was established by the Board of Directors as required by Delaware law. On the Record Date, 228,605,480 shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Common Stock"), and 2,620 shares of the Company's Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series C Preferred Stock") were issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting. As of the Record Date, the Series C Preferred Stock was convertible into 2,782,075 shares of Common Stock. As of the record date, there were approximately 1,825 holders of record of the Common Stock and two holders of record of the Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock. However, management believes that a significant number of shares of Common Stock are held by brokers under a "nominee name" and that the number of beneficial stockholders of the Common Stock exceeds 119,000.

    Who is entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting?

        Only holders of record of the Common Stock and the Series C Preferred Stock at the close of business on the Record Date may vote at the Annual Meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.


    How many votes do I have?

        Each share of Common Stock outstanding on the Record Date is entitled to one vote on each matter to be voted upon. Each share of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding on the Record Date is entitled to a number of votes equal to the number of whole shares of Common Stock into which such share of Series C Preferred Stock is convertible (calculated by aggregating all shares of Series C Preferred Stock held by each record holder and rounding the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon their conversion down to the nearest whole share) as of the Record Date on each matter to be voted upon. As of the Record Date, each share of Series C Preferred Stock was convertible into 1,061.861 shares of Common Stock.

    What is the required quorumForm 10-K for the Annual Meeting?

        The presence,fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 are available at www.proxyvote.com. Stockholders can elect to receive paper copies in personthe mail by visiting www.plugpower.com, by writing to Investor Relations at Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110 or by contacting the Company at (518) 782-7700.

Many brokerage firms and banks are also offering electronic proxy of the holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, taken together as a single class, entitledmaterials to vote at the Annual Meeting is necessary to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the Annual Meeting. If you are a stockholder of record, your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you appear in person at the Annual Meeting or submit a valid proxy to ensure your shares are represented at the Annual Meeting.their clients. If you are a beneficial owner of shares held in "street name",Plug Power Inc. stock, you may contact your shares will be counted towards the quorum if your broker, or nominee submits a proxy for your shares at the Annual Meeting. Abstentions and broker non-votes, if any, will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If a quorum is not present or represented at the Annual Meeting, the chairman of the meeting or the holders of a majority of the shares represented, and who would be entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting if a quorum were present, may adjourn the Annual Meeting from time to time without notice or other announcement until a quorum is present or represented.

    What is the difference between a stockholder of record and a "street name" holder?

        If your shares are registered directly in your name with Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc., our stock transfer agent for our Common Stock, you are considered the stockholder of record with respect to those shares. The notice of the Annual Meeting has been sent directly to you by us.

        If your shares are held in a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other nominee the nomineeto find out whether this service is considered the record holder of those shares. You are considered the beneficial owner of these shares, and your shares are held in "street name". A notice of the Annual Meeting or this proxy statement and voting instruction card have been forwardedavailable to you by your nominee. As the beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your nominee concerning how to vote your shares by using the voting instructions they included in the mailing or by following their instructions for voting by telephone or the Internet.

    What is a broker non-vote?

        Broker non-votes occur when shares are held indirectly through a broker, bank or other intermediary on behalf of a beneficial owner (referred to as held in "street name") and the broker submits a proxy for such shares but does not vote for a matter because the broker has not received voting instructions from the beneficial owner and (i) the broker does not have discretionary voting authority on the matter or (ii) the broker chooses not to vote on a matter for which it has discretionary voting authority. Under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), brokers are permitted to exercise discretionary voting authority only on ""routine""matters when voting instructions have not been timely received from a beneficial owner.


    you. If I am a beneficial owner of shares, can my brokerage firm vote my shares?

        If you are a beneficial owner and do not vote via the Internet or telephone or by returning a signed voting instruction card to your broker, your shares may be voted only with respect to so-called "routine" matters where your broker has discretionary voting authority over your shares. Under the rules of the NYSE, the ratification of KPMG LLP as our independent auditors (Proposal 4) is a "routine" matter. Accordingly, brokers will have such discretionary authority to vote on Proposal 4 and may, in their discretion, vote "FOR" or "AGAINST", or "ABSTAIN" from voting on such Proposal.

        We encourage you to provide instructions to your brokerage firm via the Internet or telephone or by returning your signed voting instruction card. This ensures that your shares will be voted in accordance with your instructions at the Annual Meeting with respect to all of the proposals described in this proxy statement.

    How will my shares be voted if I am a stockholder of record?

        Your proxy will be voted according to your instructions. If you are a stockholder of record and do not vote via the Internet or telephone or by returning a signed proxy card, your shares will not be voted unless you attend the Annual Meeting and vote your shares. If you vote via the Internet or telephone and do not specify contrary voting instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board of Directors. Similarly, if you sign and submit your proxy card with no instructions, your shares will be voted in accordance with the recommendations of our Board of Directors.

    How can I attend the Annual Meeting?

        You may attend the Annual Meeting if you are listed as a stockholder as of the Record Date and bring proof of your identity. If you hold your shares in "street name" through a broker or other nominee, you will need to provide proof of your identity and proof that you are the beneficial owner of the shares by bringing either a copy of a brokerage statement showing your share ownership as of the Record Date or, if you wish to vote your shares in person at the Annual Meeting, a nominee issued proxy.

    How do I vote my shares?

        Your vote is very important to us. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, please vote by proxy in accordance with the instructions on your proxy card or voting instruction card (from your broker or other intermediary). There are three convenient ways of submitting your vote:

    By Telephone or Internet—All record holdersbank uses Broadridge Investor Communications, you can vote by touchtone telephone from the United States using the toll free telephone number on the proxy card, or over the Internet, using the procedures and instructions described on the proxy card. "Street name" holders may vote by telephone or Internet if their bank, broker or other nominee makes those methods available, in which case the bank, broker or other nominee will enclose the instructions with thesign up to receive electronic proxy materials they send you. The telephone and Internet voting procedures are designed to authenticate stockholders' identities, to allow stockholders to vote their shares, and to confirm that their instructions have been recorded properly.

    In Person—All record holders may vote in person at the Annual Meeting. "Street name" holders may vote in person at the Annual Meeting if their bank, broker or other nominee has furnished a legal proxy. If you are a "street name" holder and would like to vote your shares by proxy, you will need to ask your bank, broker or other nominee to furnish you with a nominee issued proxy. You will need to bring the nominee issued proxy with you to the Annual Meeting and hand it in with a signed ballot that will be provided to you at the Annual Meeting. You will not be able to
www.proxyvote.com.

      vote your shares without a nominee issued proxy. Note that a broker letter that identifies you as a stockholder is not the same as a nominee issued proxy.

    By Written Proxy—All record holders can vote by written proxy card. If you are a "street name" holder, you will receive a written proxy card and a voting instruction card from your bank, broker or other nominee.

        The Board of Directors has appointed Andrew Marsh, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Gerard L. Conway, Jr., General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and Senior Vice President, to serve as the proxies for the Annual Meeting.

        If you complete all of the proxy card except one or more of the voting instructions, then the designated proxies will vote your shares as to which you provide no voting instructions in the manner described under "What if I do not specify how I want my shares voted?" below. We do not anticipate that any other matters will come before the Annual Meeting, but if any other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting, then the designated proxies will vote your shares in accordance with applicable law and their judgment.

        If you hold your shares in "street name," and complete the voting instruction card provided by your broker or other intermediary except with respect to one or more of the voting instructions, then your broker may be able to vote your shares with respect to the proposal as to which you provide no voting instructions. See "If I am a beneficial owner of shares, can my brokerage firm vote my shares?" above.

        Even if you currently plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we recommend that you vote by telephone or Internet or return your proxy card or voting instructions as described above so that your votes will be counted if you later decide not to attend the Annual Meeting or are unable to attend. Attendance at the Annual Meeting will not cause your previously granted proxy to be revoked unless you change your proxy instructions as described under "Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?" below.

    What are my choices when voting?

        With respect to the election of a director (Proposal 1), votes may be cast in favor of or withheld from the nominee. With respect to each of Proposals 2, 3, and 4, stockholders may vote for the proposal, against the proposal, or abstain from voting on the proposal.

    What are the Board of Directors' recommendations on how I should vote my shares?

        The Board of Directors recommends that you vote your shares as follows:

        Proposal 1—FOR the election of each of the three nominees of the Board of Directors as a Class I Director of the Company;

        Proposal 2—FOR the approval of the issuance of 20% or more of the Company's Common Stock upon the exercise of a warrant issued by the Company to Walmart, Inc.;

        Proposal 3—FOR the approval of the advisory resolution regarding the compensation of the Company's named executive officers; and

        Proposal 4—FOR the ratification of KPMG LLP as the Company's independent auditors for 2018.


    What if I do not specify how I want my shares voted?

        If you are a record holder who returns a completed proxy card that does not specify how you want to vote your shares on one or more proposals, the designated proxies will vote your shares for each proposal as to which you provide no voting instructions, in the following manner:

        Proposal 1—FOR the election of each of the three nominees of the Board of Directors as a Class I Director of the Company;

        Proposal 2—FOR the approval of the issuance of 20% or more of the Company's Common Stock upon the exercise of a warrant issued by the Company to Walmart, Inc.;

        Proposal 3—FOR the approval of the advisory resolution regarding the compensation of the Company's named executive officers; and

        Proposal 4—FOR the ratification of KPMG LLP as the Company's independent auditors for 2018.

        If you are a street name holder and do not provide voting instructions on one or more proposals, your bank, broker or other nominee may be able to vote those shares. See "If I am a beneficial owner of shares, can my brokerage firm vote my shares" above.

    Can I change my vote or revoke my proxy?

        Yes. If you are a record holder, you may revoke your proxy at any time before it is voted on any matter (without, however, affecting any vote taken prior to such revocation) by any of the following means:

    Attending the Annual Meeting and voting in person. Your attendance at the Annual Meeting will not by itself revoke a proxy. You must vote your shares by ballot at the Annual Meeting to revoke your proxy;

    Voting again by telephone or over the Internet (only your latest telephone or Internet vote submitted prior to the Annual Meeting will be counted);

    If you complete and submit a new valid proxy bearing a later date; and

    Giving written notice of revocation to the Company addressed to the Corporate Secretary, at the Company's address above, which notice must be received before noon, Eastern Time, on May 15, 2018.

        If you are a street name holder, your bank, broker or other nominee should provide instructions explaining how you may change or revoke your voting instructions. Please contact your broker or other nominee and follow its directions to change your vote.

    What vote is required to approve each proposal?

        With respect to the election of directors (Proposal 1), the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes cast is necessary to elect a nominee as a director of the Company. Approval of each of Proposals 2, 3 and 4 requires the affirmative vote of a majority in voting power of the shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such Proposal.

    How are abstentions and broker non-votes treated?

        Abstentions are included in the determination of the number of shares present at the Annual Meeting for determining a quorum at the meeting. Abstentions will have no effect in determining the outcome of the election of directors (Proposal 1). For each of Proposals 2, 3 and 4, abstentions will be


treated as votes cast against such proposal as the shares will be present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal.

        Broker non-votes, if any, are included in the determination of the number of shares present at the Annual Meeting for determining a quorum at the meeting. Broker non-votes, if any, will have no effect on the vote for Proposals 1, 2 and 3. As described above, under the rules of the NYSE, the ratification of KPMG LLP as the Company's independent auditors for 2018 (Proposal 4) is considered to be a "routine" matter. Accordingly, brokers will have discretionary authority to vote on Proposal 4 and may, in their discretion, vote "FOR" or "AGAINST", or "ABSTAIN" from voting on such Proposal. See "If I am a beneficial owner of shares, can my brokerage firm vote my shares?" above.

    What are the solicitation expenses and who pays the cost of this proxy solicitation?

        Our Board of Directors is asking for your proxy and we will pay all of the costs of asking for stockholder proxies. We will reimburse brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses for forwarding solicitation material to the beneficial owners of Common Stock and collecting voting instructions. We may use our officers and employees to ask for proxies, as described below. In addition, we have retained MacKenzie Partners, Inc. to assist in the solicitation of proxies for a fee of $12,500 plus reimbursement of expenses.

    Is this proxy statement the only way that proxies are being solicited?

        No. In addition to the solicitation of proxies by use of the mail, our officers and employees, as well as MacKenzie Partners, Inc., may solicit the return of proxies, either by mail, telephone, fax, e-mail or through personal contact. These officers and employees will not receive additional compensation for their efforts but will be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. The fees of MacKenzie Partners, Inc. as well as the reimbursement of expenses of MacKenzie Partners, Inc. will be borne by us. Brokerage houses and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries, in connection with shares of the Common Stock registered in their names, will be requested to forward solicitation material to the beneficial owners of shares of Common Stock.

    Where can I find voting results?

        The Company expects to publish the voting results in a Current Report on Form 8-K, which it expects to file with the SEC within four business days following the Annual Meeting.

    Who can help answer my questions?

The information provided above in this "Question“Question and Answer"Answer” format is for your convenience only and is merely a summary of the information contained in this proxy statement. We urge you to carefully read this entire Proxy Statement,proxy statement, including the documents we refer to in this proxy statement. If you have any questions, or need additional material, pleasePlease feel free to contact the firm assisting us in the solicitation of proxies, MacKenzie Partners, Inc., if you have any questions or need assistance in voting your shares. Banks and brokers may call MacKenzie Partners, Inc. at (212) 929-5500. ShareholdersStockholders may contact MacKenzie Partners, Inc. toll-free at (800) 322-2885 or at PROXY@MACKENZIEPARTNERS.COM.

proxy@mackenziepartners.com.


8

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Introduction

At the Annual Meeting, three Class I Directors will be elected, each to serve until the Annual Meeting of Stockholders in 20212027 and until such director'sdirector’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such director'sdirector’s earlier resignation or removal. The Board of Directors has nominated each of Andrew J. Marsh, Gary K. Willis, and Maureen O. Helmer and Kavita Mahtani for re-electionelection as a Class I Directors. Director.
Mr. Marsh, Ms. Helmer and Ms. Mahtani are currently members of our Board and each has been nominated for reelection to serve as a Class I Director.
Shares represented by each properly executed proxy will be voted for the re-election of AndrewMr. Marsh, Gary K. Willis,Ms. Helmer and Maureen O. HelmerMs. Mahtani as directors, unless contrary instructions are set forth on such proxy. Each nominee has agreed to stand for re-election and to serve, if elected, as a director. However, if any nominee fails to stand for re-election or is unable to accept election, the proxies will be voted for the election of such other person as the Board of Directors may recommend.

Vote Required

        A for Approval

In accordance with our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and our Seventh Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”), a quorum being present, the affirmative vote of a plurality of the votes properly cast is necessaryrequired to elect a nominee as a director of the Company. Accordingly, the three director nominees receiving the highest number of “FOR” votes will be elected. You may vote "FOR" all nominees, "WITHHOLD" for all“FOR” one or more of the nominees, or "WITHHOLD"“WITHHOLD” for any nominee(s) by specifying the nameone or more of the nominee(s) on your proxy card.nominees. Votes that are withheld will be excluded entirely from the vote and will have no effect on the vote. Brokerbroker non-votes will also have no effect on the outcome of the election of directors.


Recommendation of the Board

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTEFOR THE ELECTION OF EACH OF THE NOMINEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS NOMINEES AS A CLASS I DIRECTOR OF THE COMPANY.


INFORMATION ABOUT OUR DIRECTORS

The number of directors of the Company is presently fixed at nine (9), and the Board of Directors currently consists of nine (9) members. The Board of Directors is divided into three classes with three (3) directors in Class I, three (3) directors in Class II, and three (3) directors in Class III. Directors in Classes I, II and III serve for three-year terms with one class of directors being elected by the Company'sCompany’s stockholders at each Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

The Board of Directors has nominated each of Andrew J. Marsh, Gary K. Willis, and Maureen O. Helmer and Kavita Mahtani for election as a Class I Director. Mr. Marsh, Ms. Helmer and Ms. Mahtani are currently members of our Board and each has been nominated for re-election to serve as a Class I Directors.

Director.

Set forth below is certain information, as of the date of this proxy statement, regarding the director nominees and each person whose term of office as a director will

9

TABLE OF CONTENTS

continue after the Annual Meeting. The biography of each of the director nominees and directors below contains information regarding the relevant experiences, qualifications, attributes, or skills that caused the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board to determine that the person should serve as a director.
Director Nominees for Class I Directors
Andrew J. Marsh
Age: 68
Director since 2008
Board Committees: None
Class I Director: Continuing in Office until the 2024 Annual Meeting
Andrew J. Marsh joined the Company as President and Chief Executive Officer in April 2008 and has been our director since 2008. As President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Marsh plans and directs all aspects of the organization’s policies and objectives, and is focused on building a company that leverages Plug Power’s combination of technological expertise, talented people and focus on sales growth and profitability to continue the Company’s leadership stance in the future alternative energy economy. Mr. Marsh also serves on the board of directors of Gevo, Inc., a publicly traded renewable chemicals and advanced biofuels company.
Previously, Mr. Marsh was a co-founder of Valere Power, where he served as chief executive officer and board member from the company’s inception in 2001, through its sale to Eltek ASA in 2007. Under his leadership, Valere grew into a profitable global operation with over 200 employees and $90 million in revenue derived from the sale of DC power products to the telecommunications sector. During Mr. Marsh’s tenure, Valere Power received many awards such as the Tech Titan award as the fastest growing technology company in the Dallas Fort Worth area and the Red Herring Top 100 Innovator Award. Prior to founding Valere, he spent almost 18 years with Lucent Bell Laboratories in a variety of sales and technical management positions.
Mr. Marsh is a prominent voice leading the hydrogen and fuel cell industry. Nationally, he is the former Chairman of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association, and was a member of the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee (“HTAC”) within the Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program, which was disbanded in January 2021.
HTAC was responsible for providing advice to the Department of Energy regarding its hydrogen and fuel cell program goals, strategies, and activities. Internationally, Mr. Marsh represents Plug Power in its role as supporting members of the Hydrogen Council, a global initiative of leading energy, transport and industry companies with a united vision and long-term ambition for hydrogen to foster the energy transition. Mr. Marsh holds a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering Technologies from Temple University, Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Duke University and a Master of Business Administration from Southern Methodist University.

10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Andrew J. Marsh
We believe Mr. Marsh’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive experience with the alternative energy industry, as well as his experience in management positions.
Maureen O. Helmer
Age: 67
Director since 2004
Board Committees: Audit; Corporate Governance and Nominating (Chair); Regulatory Affairs (Chair)
Class I Director: Continuing in Office until the 2024 Annual Meeting
Maureen O. Helmer has been a director of the Company since 2004. Ms. Helmer worked at the law firm Barclay Damon, LLP until her retirement in 2021 as a senior member of the firm’s energy and telecommunications Regulatory Practice Area. Prior to joining Barclay Damon, LLP, Ms. Helmer was a member of Green & Seifter Attorneys, PLLC. From 2003 through 2006, she practiced as a partner in the law firm of Couch White, LLP and then as a solo practitioner. Ms. Helmer has advised international energy, telecommunications and industrial companies on policy and government affairs issues. In addition to serving as Chair of the New York State Public Service Commission (“PSC”) from 1998 to 2003, Ms. Helmer also served as Chair of the New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment. Prior to her appointment as Chair, Ms. Helmer served as Commissioner of the PSC from 1997 until 1998 and was General Counsel to PSC from 1995 through 1997. From 1984 through 1995, Ms. Helmer held several positions in the New York Legislature, including Counsel to the Senate Energy Committee. She also served as a board member of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the New York State Environmental Board and the New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission during her tenure as Chair of the PSC from 1996 to 2003. In addition, she was Vice Chair of the Electricity Committee of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and a member of the NARUC Board of Directors. She was also appointed to serve as a member of the New York State Cyber-Security Task Force. She formerly served as a board member of the Center for Internet Security from 2012 to 2016, the Center for Economic Growth from 2008 to 2016, and New York Women in Communications and Energy from 1990 to 2016. Ms. Helmer earned her Bachelor of Science from the State University at Albany and her Juris Doctorate from the University of Buffalo Law School. She is admitted to practice law in New York.
We believe Ms. Helmer’s qualifications to sit on our Board include her long history of experience with energy regulation, policy and government affairs and advising energy and industrial companies.
Kavita Mahtani
Age: 53
Director since 2022
Kavita Mahtani has been a director of the Company since 2022. Ms. Mahtani is Chief Financial Officer for HSBC Bank plc and Western Markets. In this role, Ms. Mahtani is responsible for the financial operations of HSBC Bank plc and all of its entities and

11

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Kavita Mahtani
Board Committees: Audit; Merger & Acquisition / Strategy
Class I Director: Continuing in Office until the 2024 Annual Meeting
operations, overseeing the financial functions, including accounting, regulatory reporting, stress testing and capital management. Prior to joining HSBC, Ms. Mahtani served in several leadership roles during her 13-year tenure with Citigroup, Inc., including Managing Director — Global Head of Asset and Liability Management, Chief Financial Officer, Global Corporate and Investment Banking, and Managing Director — Global Head of Financial Planning and Analysis, among others. Ms. Mahtani has also held roles with Morgan Stanley and Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc. Ms. Mahtani holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, The Wharton School, and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business.
We believe Ms. Mahtani’s qualifications to sit on our Board include extensive experience with growth strategies, merger and acquisition implementation, and leadership.
Class II Directors
Mark J. Bonney
Age: 70
Director since 2023
Board Committees: Audit (Chair); Regulatory Affairs
Class II Director: Continuing in Office until the 2025 Annual Meeting
Mark J. Bonney has been a director of the Company since 2023. Mr. Bonney currently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of On Board Advisors, LLC, a financial and strategic advisory firm. Mr. Bonney currently serves on the board of directors of Tile Shop Holdings, Inc., a publicly traded specialty retailer of tile products and accessories, since July 2020. Prior to that, he served on the board of directors of Zix Corporation, a then-publicly traded provider of cloud email security solutions, from January 2013 until its merger in December 2021. Mr. Bonney also previously served as a director of SeaChange International, Inc., a provider of end-to-end video delivery and management software solutions, from August 2017 through December 2019, including as Executive Chair and principal executive officer from April 2019 through October 2019, and Independent Chairman from October 2019 through December 2019. From May 2018 until its merger in April 2019, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of RhythmOne plc (previously known as Blinkx and also known as RhythmOne Group), an online publicly traded provider of multi-screen digital advertising, where he also served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer from February 2019 to April 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Bonney served as President and Chief Executive Officer of MRV Communications, Inc., a publicly traded supplier of network equipment to the telecommunications industry, from December 2014 until its sale in August 2017 and as a director of MRV Communications, Inc. from April 2013 to August 2017. Mr. Bonney previously served as a director of Sigma Designs, Inc., a

12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Mark J. Bonney
provider of system-on-a-chip semiconductor solutions for smart homes, from August 2012 through August 2015; Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Direct Brands, Inc., a direct to consumer media company, from 2010 to 2012; vice president and general manager of the Authentication Solutions Group of JDS Uniphase Corporation (“JDSU”), an optical technologies and telecommunications firm, from 2008 to 2010; and as a director from 2003 until 2005, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 2005 to 2008, of American Bank Note Holographics, Inc., an optical security device company, which was acquired by JDSU. Mr. Bonney has also previously held executive roles with technology companies, including President, Chief Operating Officer and a director of Axsys Technologies, Inc., a manufacturer of components and subsystems for aerospace, defense, data storage, medical and other high technology applications, from 1999 to 2002, and Chief Financial Officer of Zygo Corporation, a manufacturer of components for semiconductor, data storage and industrial markets, from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Bonney holds a B.S. in Business from Central Connecticut State University and an M.B.A. from the University of Hartford.
We believe Mr. Bonney’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his experience in finance, strategy, and executive leadership, having served various executive roles and as a director for several prominent public companies.
Gregory L. Kenausis
Age: 54
Director since 2013
Board Committees: Audit; Compensation; Merger & Acquisition / Strategy
Class II Director: Continuing in Office until the 2025 Annual Meeting
Gregory L. Kenausis has been a director of the Company since October 2013. Dr. Kenausis is the founding partner and since 2005 has been the Chief Investment Officer of Grand Haven Capital AG, an investment firm, where he is the head of research and trading activity and is responsible for managing the fund’s operations and structure. He also has worked extensively as a business consultant with a focus on business development and strategy, as well as valuation. Dr. Kenausis earned a bachelor’s degree from Yale University and a doctoral degree from the University of Texas at Austin.
We believe Dr. Kenausis’ qualifications to sit on our Board include his background and senior level experience in financial investments, business development and strategy, management and equity capital markets.

13

TABLE OF CONTENTS

George C. McNamee
Age: 77
Director since 1997
Board Committees: Compensation; Regulatory Affairs; Merger & Acquisition / Strategy
Class II Director: Continuing in Office until the 2025 Annual Meeting
George C. McNamee serves as Chairman of the Company’s Board of Directors and has served as such since 1997. He was previously Chairman of First Albany Companies Inc. and a Managing Partner of FA Tech Ventures, an information and energy technology venture capital firm. As an executive and director of numerous companies, Mr. McNamee has navigated technological change, rapid-growth, crisis management, team building and strategy. As a public company director, Mr. McNamee has led board special committees, chaired audit committees, chaired three boards and has been an active lead director. Mr. McNamee currently serves on the board of directors of HyVia, which is the Company’s joint venture with Renault SAS. He has previously served on several public company boards, including the boards of Mechanical Technology Inc. and the Home Shopping Network. He has been an early stage investor, director and mentor for private companies that subsequently went public including MapInfo (now Pitney Bowes), META Group (now Gartner Group) and iRobot Corporation, where he served as a director from 1999 to 2016 and as lead director for the last 11 of those years. In 2011, Mr. McNamee was the first history major awarded the Yale Science and Engineering Association Distinguished Service Award. He served as a NYSE director from 1999 to 2004 and chaired its foundation. In the aftermath of the 1987 stock market crash, he chaired the Group of Thirty Committee to reform the Clearance and Settlement System. Mr. McNamee has been active as a director or trustee of civic organizations including The Albany Academies and Albany Medical Center, whose Finance Committee he chaired for 12 years. He is also a director of several private companies, a Sterling Fellow of Yale University and a Trustee of The American Friends of Eton College. He conceived and co-authored a book on the Chicago Conspiracy Trial. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University.
We believe Mr. McNamee’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his experience serving on technology company boards, his background in investment banking, which has given him broad exposure to many financing and merger and acquisition issues, and experience with the financial sector and its regulatory bodies.

14

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Class III Directors
Gary K. Willis
Age: 78
Director since 2003
Board Committees: Audit; Compensation (Chair); Corporate Governance and Nominating; Regulatory Affairs; Merger & Acquisition / Strategy
Class III Director: Continuing in Office until the 2026 Annual Meeting
Gary K. Willis has been a director of the Company since 2003. Mr. Willis previously served as the President of the Zygo Corporation from February 1992 to 1999 and the Chief Executive Officer from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Willis served as a director of Zygo Corporation from 1992 to November 2000, including as Chairman of the board from 1998 to 2000. Mr. Willis also served as a director of Zygo Corporation from 2004 to 2014. Zygo Corporation, which was acquired in 2014 by Ametek, Inc., was a provider of metrology, optics, optical assembly, and systems solutions to the semiconductor, optical manufacturing, and industrial/automotive markets. Prior to joining Zygo Corporation, Mr. Willis served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of The Foxboro Company, a manufacturer of process control instruments and systems. Mr. Willis holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
We believe Mr. Willis’ qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive experience in management and director positions with similar companies, as well as his educational background in mechanical engineering.
Patrick Joggerst
Age: 66
Director since 2023
Board Committees: Compensation; Corporate Governance and Nominating
Class III Director: Continuing in Office until the 2026 Annual Meeting
Patrick Joggerst has been a director of the Company since July 2023. Mr. Joggerst is currently the Founder and Principal at J21 Consulting Group, a management consulting practice focusing on organization transformation and sales acceleration. From January 2018 until November 2021, Mr. Joggerst served as Chief Marketing Officer and Executive Vice President of Business Development at Ribbon Communications Inc., a publicly traded software, analytics and cloud solutions provider for communications services, which was created from the merger of Genband US LLC, a provider of carrier and enterprise network transformation and real-time communications solutions, and Sonus Networks, Inc., a publicly traded cloud-based communications distributor of mobile network operation and Microsoft solutions. Prior to his role with Ribbon Communications Inc., he served as an Executive Vice President of Global Sales and Marketing at GENBAND™ from January 2016 to December 2017 and as the Chief Marketing Officer and Executive Vice President from March 2015. Mr. Joggerst holds a B.S. in Foreign Service from Georgetown University, with a concentration in international commerce and finance.

15

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Patrick Joggerst
We believe Mr. Joggerst ‘s qualifications to sit on our Board include his more than 25 years of experience in various roles in the technology, software, marketing, and telecommunications sectors.
Kyungyeol Song
Age: 51
Director since 2021
Board Committees: Merger & Acquisition / Strategy
Class III Director: Continuing in Office until the 2026 Annual Meeting
Kyungyeol Song has been a director of the Company since February 2021. Dr. Song is the Chief Operating Officer at PassKey, Inc., a US-based energy transition business entity of SK E&S Co., Ltd. Prior to his current position, Dr. Song served as the Senior Vice President in Energy Solution TF at SK Group Supex Council from February 2019 until August 2020 and was the Head of Quantum Growth TF at SK until 2022. Dr. Song also served as the Director of the McKinsey Energy Center from February 2007 until December 2018. Dr. Song received a Ph.D. in Control and Estimation Theory, Aeronautics and Astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from Seoul National University. Dr. Song was appointed to the Board by Grove Energy Capital LLC, a stockholder of the Company, pursuant to the Investor Agreement, dated as of February 24, 2021, which is described below.
We believe Dr. Song’s qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive experience with the renewable energy industry.
The Board of Directors has determined that Ms.Messes. Helmer and Mahtani, Drs. Kenausis and Song and Messrs. Bonney, McNamee, Willis, Hickey, Roth, Kenausis, SchneiderJoggerst and GravesWillis are independent directors as defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) under the Marketplace Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASDAQ Rules"“Nasdaq Rules”).

        The positions

Investor Agreement
Pursuant to the Investor Agreement (the “Investor Agreement”), dated as of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board are currently each filled by a different individual, Andrew Marsh and George C. McNamee, respectively. If the position of Chairman of the Board is vacant, or if he or she is absent, the Chief Executive Officer presides, when present, at meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors.

        Set forth below is certain information regarding the directors ofFebruary 24, 2021, between the Company, including the three Class I Directors who have been nominated for re-election at the Annual Meeting. The ages ofGrove Energy Capital LLC (“Grove Energy”), SK Holdings, Co., Ltd (“SK Holdings”), and biographical information regarding the nominees for re-election and each director whoSK E&S Co., Ltd. (“SK E&S”), Grove Energy is not standing


for election is based on information furnishedentitled to the Company by each nominee and director and is as of March 26, 2018.

Name
 Age Director
Since
 

Class I—Term Expires 2018

       

Andrew Marsh*

  62  2008 

Gary K. Willis(1)(2)*

  72  2003 

Maureen O. Helmer(1)(3)*

  61  2004 

Class II—Term Expires 2019

       

George C. McNamee(2)

  71  1997 

Johannes M. Roth(1)

  39  2013 

Gregory L. Kenausis(1)

  48  2013 

Class III—Term Expires 2020

       

Lucas P. Schneider(3)

  49  2017 

Gregory B. Graves(1)

  57  2017 

Douglas T. Hickey(2)(3)

  62  2011 

*
Nominee for re-election.

(1)
Member of the Audit Committee.

(2)
Member of the Compensation Committee.

(3)
Member of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee.

        The principal occupation and business experience for at least the last five years for each director of the Company is set forth below. The biographies of each of the directors below contains information regarding the person's service as a director, business experience, director positions held currently or at any time during the last five years, and information regarding the experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that caused the Corporate Governance Committee and the Boarddesignate one person (the “SK Designee”) to determine that the person should serve as a director.

Andrew J. Marsh has served as Chief Executive Officer, President and member ofbe appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company since April 2008. As President and CEO, Marsh plans and directs all aspects ofCompany.

Grove Energy has the organization's policies and objectives, and is focused on building a company that leverages Plug Power's combination of technological expertise, talented people and focus on sales growthright to continue the Company's leadership stance in the future alternative energy economy. Previously, Mr. Marsh was a co-founder of Valere Power, where he served as CEO and Board Member from the Company's inception in 2001 through its sale to Eltek ASA in 2007. Under his leadership, Valere grew into a profitable global operation with over 200 employees and $90 million in revenues derived from the sale of DC power products to the telecommunications sector. During Mr. Marsh's tenure, Valere Power received many awards such as the Tech Titan award as the fastest growing technology company in the Dallas/Fort Worth area and the Red Herring Top 100 Innovator Award. Prior to founding Valere, he spent almost 18 years with Lucent Bell Laboratories in a variety of sales and technical management positions. Mr. Marsh represents the Company in its role as supporting member of the Hydrogen council, a global initiative of leading energy, transport and industry companies with a united vision and long-term ambition for hydrogen to foster the energy transition. Mr. Marsh is a member of the board of directors of GEVO, Inc. and the Capital Region Center for Economic Growth. Mr. Marsh holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering Technology from Temple University, where he is a member of the 2017 Gallery of Success, a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering from Duke University and a Masters of Business Administration from Southern Methodist University. We believe Mr. Marsh's qualifications to sit on our Board include his record of success in leadership positions in technology companies having attributes similar to our Company, his extensive experience in


management positions as well as his educational background in engineering and business administration.

Gary K. Willis has been a director of the Company since 2003. Mr. Willis joined Zygo Corporation's Board of Directors in June 2009 after retiring as Chairman ofrequire the Board of Directors in November 2000, having served in that capacity since November 1998. Zygo Corporation, which was acquired in 2014 by Ametek, Inc., wasto nominate a provider of metrology, optics, optical assembly, and systems solutionsSK Designee for election to the semiconductor, optical manufacturing, and industrial/automotive markets. Mr. Willis had been a director of Zygo Corporation since February 1992 and also served as President from 1992 to 1999 and as Chief Executive Officer from 1993 to 1999. Prior to joining Zygo Corporation, Mr. Willis served asBoard by the President and Chief Executive Officer of The Foxboro Company, a manufacturer of process control instruments and systems. Mr. Willis holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. We believe Mr. Willis' qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive experience in management and director positions with similar companies, as well as his educational background in mechanical engineering.

Maureen O. Helmer has been a directorstockholders of the Company since 2004. Ms. Helmer is currently a memberat annual stockholder meetings until the earliest of (i) the date on which Grove Energy and affiliates beneficially own less than 4.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock, and (ii) any expiration or termination of the law firm Barclay Damon, LLPdefinitive joint venture agreement with respect to a joint venture in Asia (the “Asia JV Agreement”).

Grove Energy selected Dr. Song as the SK Designee and is the Co-Chair of the firm's Regulatory Practice Area. Prior to her joining Barclay Damon, LLP, Ms. Helmer was a member of Green & Seifter Attorneys, PLLC. From 2003 through 2006, she practiced as a partner in the law firm of Couch White, LLP and then as a solo practitioner. Ms. Helmer has advised international energy, telecommunications and industrial companies on policy and government affairs issues. In addition to serving as Chair of the New York State Public Service Commission ("PSC") from 1998 to 2003, Ms. Helmer also served as Chair of the New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment. Prior to her appointment as Chair, Ms. Helmer served as Commissioner of the Public Service Commission from 1997 until 1998 and was General Counsel to the Commission from 1995 through 1997. From 1984 through 1995, Ms. Helmer held several positions in the New York Legislature, including Counsel to the Senate Energy Committee. She also served as a board member of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, the New York State Environmental Board and the New York State Disaster Preparedness Commission during her tenure as Chair of the PSC. In addition, she was Vice Chair of the Electricity Committee of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners and a member of the NARUC Board of Directors. She was also appointed to serve as a member of the New York State Cyber-Security Task Force. She formerly served as a board member of the Center for Internet Security, the Center for Economic Growth, and NY Women in Communications and Energy. Ms. Helmer earned her Bachelor of Science from the State University at Albany and her Juris Doctorate from the University of Buffalo law school. She is admitted to practice law in New York. We believe Ms. Helmer's qualifications to sit on our Board include her long history of experience with energy regulation, policy and government affairs and advising energy and industrial companies.

George C. McNamee serves as Chairman of the Company's Board of Directors and has served as such since 1997. He was previously Chairman of First Albany Companies (now GLCH) and a Managing Partner of FA Tech Ventures, an information and energy technology venture capital firm. Mr. McNamee's background in investment banking has given him broad exposure to many financing and merger and acquisition issues. As an executive, he has dealt with rapid- growth companies, technological change, crisis management, team building and strategy. As a public company director, Mr. McNamee has led board special committees, chaired audit committees, chaired three boards and has been an active lead director. Mr. McNamee has previously served on public company boards, including Mechanical Technology Inc. ("MTI") and Home Shopping Network ("HSN"). He has been an early stage investor, director and mentor for private companies that subsequently went public including MapInfo (now Pitney Bowes), META Group (now Gartner Group) and iRobot Corporation, where he served as a director from 1999 to 2016 and as lead director for the last 11 of those years. He


served as a NYSE director from 1999 to 2004 and chaired its foundation. In the aftermath of the 1987 stock market crash, he chaired the Group of Thirty Committee to reform the Clearance and Settlement System. Mr. McNamee has been active as a director or trustee of civic organizations including The Albany Academies and Albany Medical Center, whose Finance Committee he chaired for a dozen years. He is also a director of several private companies, a Sterling Fellow of Yale University and a Trustee of The American Friends of Eton College. He conceived and co-authored theTales of the Hoffman, which sold over 200,000 copies. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University. We believe Mr. McNamee's qualifications to sit on our Board include his experience serving on countless boards, his background in investment banking and experience with the financial sector and its regulatory bodies.

Johannes M. Roth has been a director since April 2013. Mr. Roth is the founder and, since 2006, has been Managing Director and Chairman of FiveT Capital Holding AG, an investment holding company based in Switzerland with businesses specializing in asset management, risk management and alternative investments. Since 2006, Mr. Roth has been a board member of FiveT Capital AG, Zürich, Switzerland, which advises several long-only funds and operates an asset management business for high net-worth individuals. We believe Mr. Roth's qualifications to sit on our Board include his background in financial investments, financial and risk management and equity capital markets as well as his experience in management positions.

Gregory L. Kenausis has been a director since October 2013. Mr. Kenausis is the founding partner and since 2005 has been the Chief Investment Officer of Grand Haven Capital AG, an investment firm, where he is the head of research and trading activity and is responsible for managing the fund's operations and structure. He is also an active board member of other boards of directors. We believe Mr. Kenausis' qualifications to sit on our Board include his background and senior level experience in financial investments, trading and management and equity capital markets.

Lucas P. Schneider has served as a director since March 2017. Since 2012 Mr. Schneider has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Silvercar, an Austin, TX-based start-up that focuses on the rental car space and other vehicle mobility applications. In 2017, Sivercar was acquired by Audi AG. Prior to Silvercar, Mr. Schneider was the Chief Technology Officer of Zipcar. He served at Flexcar, as Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Strategy. He has also held various positions with Ford. He received a Master of Business Administration, specializing in Operations and Strategy from the Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University and a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of Texas at Austin. We believe Mr. Schneider's qualifications to sit on our Board include his extensive experience in helping guide companies, from start-ups to large enterprises, through major business milestones including IPOs, mergers, acquisitions, and product development.

Gregory B. Graves has served as a director since May 2017. Since 2007 Mr. Graves has served as Chief Financial Officer of Entergris, a leading global developer, manufacturer and supplier of microcontamination control products, specialty chemicals and advanced materials handling solutions for manufacturing processes in the semiconductor and other high technology industries. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President, Strategic Planning & Business Development at Entergris. He held positions in investment banking and corporate development, including at U.S. BanCorp. Piper Jaffray from June 1998 to August 2002 and at Dain Rauscher from October 1996 to May 1998. He held positions with Deloitte, General Motors, The Pillsbury Company and RBC Capital Markets. He served as Director of Therma-wave Inc. from December 2005 to May 2007. He is a Certified Public Accountant (non-current). Mr. Graves received a Bachelor of Science degree and Masters in Accounting from the University of Alabama and a Masters of Business Administration from the Darden School at the University of Virginia. We believe Mr. Graves's qualifications to sit on our Board include his background in accounting and finance.


Douglas T. Hickey has servedappointed Dr. Song as a director of the Company since October 2011. Mr. Hickey previously sat on February 24, 2021.


16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Board Leadership Structure
Our Board currently believes that Plug Power'sPower and its stockholders are best served by a Board from September 1, 2000 to April 24, 2006. Mr. Hickey wasleadership structure in which the U.S. Ambassador and Commissioner General toroles of the Milan Expo from 2014 to 2016. Prior, Mr. Hickey served as Chief Executive Officer of BinWise, Inc., a provider of a platform forand the distribution of wine, beer and spirits primarily for restaurants and hotels, from 2012 to 2014. Prior to BinWise, from 2000 to 2011, Mr. Hickey was Managing Director at Hummer Winblad Venture Partners ("HWVP"), oneChairman of the nation's leading software venture capital firms. Prior to joining HWVP, Mr. HickeyBoard are held by different individuals. Andrew J. Marsh has served as CEO for Critical Path, Inc., where duringour Chief Executive Officer since 2008 and George C. McNamee has served as Chairman of the Board since 1997. The Board recognizes the time, effort and energy that the Chief Executive Officer is required to devote to his tenure revenue grew from less than $1Mposition in the current business environment, as well as the commitment required to more than $150Mserve as our Chairman. Separating these positions allows our Chief Executive Officer to set the strategic direction of the Company and the company earned Forbes.com Number-One Fastest Growing Company Award in 2000. Mr. Hickey previously held the CEO and President position for Global Center Inc., where he grew revenue from zero to more than $50M of recurring revenue and achieved profitability. His focus on the company'sCompany’s day-to-day business operations, while allowing the Chairman to lead the Board in fulfilling its oversight role of management and risk management practices, approving the agenda for Board meetings and presiding over Board meetings and over the meetings of our independent directors in executive sessions.
While our Bylaws and corporate governance guidelines do not require that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions be separate, the Board believes that our current leadership structure is appropriate because it provides an effective balance between strategy enabled rapid growth, securing customers like Yahoo, Netscapedevelopment and Oracle, ultimately leadingindependent leadership and management oversight. Our Board understands that there are differing views on the most appropriate Board leadership structure depending on a company’s specific characteristics and circumstances. Our Board annually reviews its leadership structure to determine whether it continues to best serve the Company and its stockholders. We will notify our stockholders if the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer positions are combined promptly upon the Board’s decision.
Board Composition and Refreshment
The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and the Board follow a thoughtful refreshment process to ensure the Board composition best reflects the most appropriate mix of skills and experiences to perform strong oversight of the Company’s strategic priorities. The Committee and the Board strive to maintain a balance of tenure on the Board. Longer-serving directors bring valuable experience and a deep understanding of our complex business and industry, along with a historical perspective of our long-term successes, challenges and business cycles, and how these past experiences may inform our current strategy. Newer directors are also critical to the successful saleadvancement of our strategy, bringing new skills and experiences and contributing fresh perspectives. Over the past couple of years, the Board has been keenly focused on the recruitment of exceptional director candidates to replace departing directors. The Board focused on director candidates whose skills and experience not only enhanced the Board but also made them highly qualified to serve on our Audit Committee.
Risk Management
Our Board of Directors plays a central role in overseeing and evaluating risk. While it is management’s responsibility to identify and manage our exposure to risk on an ongoing, day-to-day basis, the Board routinely discusses these risks with management and actively oversees our risk-management procedures and protocols. The Board regularly receives reports from senior management on areas of material risk to the Company, including operational, financial, legal, regulatory, strategic, and cybersecurity and other information security risks, as well as information regarding ongoing risk management activities. Such

17

TABLE OF CONTENTS

reports review long-term and short-term, internal and external risks facing the Company and periodically involve the support of outside advisors, who may assist the Board and management with identifying potential risks or threats to the Company or its stockholders. Risk management is also a standing agenda item for the regularly scheduled, quarterly Audit Committee meetings. As appropriate or necessary, senior management may report to the Board or its committees on risk management activities more frequently and, depending on the immediacy or severity of the companyrisk, may implement additional controls or procedures. The Company also periodically engages outside advisors who specifically report to Frontier Communications Corporation, (NASDAQ:FTR). Priorthe Board regarding enterprise risk management.
Each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee exercises oversight and provides guidance relating to Global Center, Mr. Hickey was CEOthe particular risks within the purview of each committee, as well as making periodic reports to the full Board. The Board and Presidenteach of MFS DataNet,these committees regularly discuss with management our major risk exposures, their potential financial impact on Plug Power and the leading suppliersteps we take to manage them. The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of dataCompany risks relating to accounting matters, financial reporting, cybersecurity and legal and regulatory compliance. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for oversight of risks relating to management and Board succession planning, as well as environmental, social, and governance initiatives. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the oversight of risks related services to internet service providerscompensation matters, including compliance with applicable federal securities laws. The Board also has two additional standing Board committees: the Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee and enterprise customers worldwide. MFS grewthe Regulatory Affairs Committee. The Regulatory Affairs Committee is responsible for the oversight of the Company’s compliance programs and activities to more than $1 billionhelp ensure the Company complies with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to the Company and its operations, and the Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in revenuefulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to the Company’s long-term strategy, risks and subsequently completed a successful IPOopportunities relating to such strategy, and trade sale. strategic decisions regarding acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and divestitures by the Company.
Diversity of Current Board
We believe Mr. Hickey's qualificationsthat it is important that the Board reflects the diversity of our employees and the communities that we serve. Diversity is an important consideration in the process that the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee follows when identifying nominees to sitserve as directors. As required by rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market that were approved by the SEC in August 2021, we are providing information about the gender and demographic diversity of our current directors in the format required by Nasdaq Rules.
The information in the matrix below is based solely on information provided by our Board include his extensive corporate leadership experiencedirectors about their gender and his proven background growing revenue.

demographic self-identification as of the date of this proxy statement. Directors who indicated that they preferred not to answer a question are shown as “did not disclose gender” or “did not disclose demographic background” below.


18

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Board Diversity Matrix
Total Number of Directors9
FemaleMaleDid Not
Disclose
Gender
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors261
Part II: Demographic Background
Asian110
White140
LGBTQ+010
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background001
COMMITTEES AND MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

The Board of Directors (the "Board") of the Company held tenthirteen meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 ("2023 (“Fiscal 2017"2023”). TheDuring Fiscal 2023, the Board has established threehad five standing committees, anBoard committees: the Audit Committee, (the "Audit Committee"), athe Compensation Committee, (the "Compensation Committee"), and athe Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, (the "Governance Committee").the Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee and the Regulatory Affairs Committee. During Fiscal 2017, except for Doug Hickey,2023, each director attended at least 75% of the aggregate of (1) the total number of meetings of the Board (held during the period for which he or she has been a director) and (2) the total number of meetings of all committees of the Board on which the director served (during the periods that he or she served).

        Discussed below in greater detail, the Board administers its risk oversight function directly and through its

Audit Committee Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, and Compensation Committee—see risk discussion in "Compensation Discussion and Analysis". The Board and each of these Committees regularly discuss with management our major risk exposures, their potential financial impact on Plug Power and the steps we take to manage them. The Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of Company risks relating to accounting matters, financial reporting and legal and regulatory compliance, while the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for oversight of risks relating to management and Board succession planning. The Compensation Committee is responsible for the oversight of risks related to compensation matters.

        The Chief Financial Officer and the General Counsel report to the Board regarding ongoing risk management activities at the regularly scheduled, quarterly Board meetings and may report on risk management activities more frequently, as appropriate. Additionally, risk management is a standing agenda item for the regularly scheduled, quarterly Audit Committee meetings.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee consists of Messrs. GravesMr. Bonney (Chair), Dr. Kenausis, Mr. Willis, Roth, Kenausis, and Ms. Helmer.Messes. Helmer and Mahtani. The Audit Committee held eightseven meetings during Fiscal 2017 and each member attended at least 75% of the meetings during the period in which such person served on the committee.

2023.

Audit Committee Report

The Audit Committee of the Board is currently composed of five directors, each of whom is an independent director as defined in the NASDAQNasdaq Rules and the applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").SEC. In addition, the Board has made a determinationdetermined that Mr. GravesBonney qualifies as an "audit“audit committee financial expert"expert” as defined in the applicable rules of the SEC. Mr. Graves'Bonney’s designation by the Board as an "audit“audit committee financial expert"expert” is not intended to be a representation that he is an expert for any purpose as a result of such designation, nor is it intended to impose on him any duties, obligations, or liability greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on him as a member of the Audit Committee and the Board in the absence of such designation.

The Audit Committee'sCommittee’s primary responsibility is for oversight of the Company'sCompany’s accounting and financial reporting processes, audits of the Company'sCompany’s financial statements, and internal control over financial reporting. A more complete description of the Audit Committee'sCommittee’s functions is set forth in the Audit Committee'sCommittee’s charter which is published on the "Investors"“Investor Relations” section of the Company'sCompany’s website atwww.plugpower.com.

Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.


19

TABLE OF CONTENTS

In accordance with the Audit Committee'sCommittee’s charter, management has the primary responsibility for the financial statements and the financial reporting process, including maintaining an adequate system of internal controls over financial reporting. The Company'sCompany’s independent auditors, KPMG LLP ("KPMG"), reportregistered public accounting firm reports directly to the Audit Committee and areis responsible for performing an independent


integrated audit of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). The Audit Committee, among other matters, is responsible for (i) appointing the Company'sCompany’s independent auditors, (ii)registered public accounting firm, (i) evaluating such independent auditors'registered public accounting firm’s qualifications, independence and performance, (iii) determining the compensation for such independent registered public accounting firm, and (iv) approvingpre-approving all audit and non-audit services. Additionally, the Audit Committee is responsible for oversight of the Company'sCompany’s accounting and financial reporting processes and auditsthe integrated audit of the Company'sCompany’s financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, including the work of the independent auditors.registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee reports to the Board with regard to:


the scope of the annual integrated audits;


fees to be paid to the independent auditors;

registered public accounting firm;

the performance of the Company'sCompany’s independent auditors;

registered public accounting firm;

compliance with accounting and financial policies; and


the Company'sCompany’s procedures and policies relative to the adequacy of internal accounting controls.

controls over financial reporting.

The Audit Committee reviewed and discussed with management of the Company and KPMG,Deloitte & Touche LLP the Company's 2017 quarterly unaudited interimCompany’s audited consolidated financial statements and 2017 annual consolidated financial statements,for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including management'smanagement’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company'sCompany’s internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017. Management has represented to the Audit Committee that the Company's consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that the internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

2023.

Additionally, the Audit Committee has discussed with KPMG anyDeloitte & Touche LLP other matters required to be discussed under professional standards which include, among other items, matters related to the conduct of the audits of the Company's annual consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting.standards. The Audit Committee has also discussed related party transactions, the critical accounting policies used in the preparation of the Company'sCompany’s annual consolidated financial statements, alternative treatments of financial information within U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP’) that KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP discussed with management, if any, and the ramifications of using such alternative treatments and other written communications between KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP and management.

        KPMG

Deloitte & Touche LLP has provided to the Audit Committee the written disclosures and the letter required by the applicable Public Company Accounting Oversight Board requirements for independent auditors'public accounting firm’s communications with audit committees concerning auditor independence, and the Audit Committee discussed with KPMG that firm'sDeloitte & Touche LLP the firm’s independence. The Audit Committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent accountant required by applicable requirements of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding the independent accountant’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence and has discussed with the independent accountant the independent

20

TABLE OF CONTENTS

accountant’s independence. The Audit Committee has also concluded that KPMG'sDeloitte & Touche LLP’s performance of services is compatible with KPMG'sDeloitte & Touche LLP’s independence.

        The Audit Committee also discussed with KPMG their overall scope and plans for their audits of the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting, and met with KPMG, with and without management present, to discuss the results of their audits and the overall quality of the Company's financial reporting. The Audit Committee also discussed with KPMG whether there were any audit problems or difficulties, and management's response.

In reliance on the reviews and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board, of Directors, and the Board has approved, the inclusion of audited consolidated financial


statements in the Company'sCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.2023 for filing with the SEC. This report is provided by the following independent directors, who constitute the Audit Committee:

Mark J. Bonney (Chair)
Gregory B. Graves (Chairman)
L. Kenausis
Maureen O. Helmer

Kavita Mahtani
Gary K. Willis
Johannes M. Roth
Gregory L. Kenausis

Independent Auditors'Auditors’ Fees

The following table presents fees for professional services rendered by KPMG for the integrated audit of the Company's annual financial statements and internal control over financial reporting and fees billed for other services rendered by KPMG:

Deloitte & Touche LLP (Rochester, New York; PCAOB ID No. 34) for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023:
20232022
Audit Fees$5,397,650$4,201,429
Audit-Related Fees$403,307$94,000
Tax Fees$87,553$492,819
All Other Fees1,895
Total$5,890,405$4,788,248
 
 2017 2016 

Audit Fees

 $670,000 $617,000 

Audit-Related Fees

 $202,500 $120,000 

Tax Fees

     

All Other Fees

     

Total

 $872,500 $737,000 

In the above table, and in accordance with SEC definitions and rules: (1) "audit fees"“audit fees” are fees for professional services for the audit of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements included in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, audit of the Company'sCompany’s internal controls over financial reporting, review of unaudited interim consolidated financial statements included in Form 10-Qs, or for services that are normally provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements; (2) "audit-related fees"“audit-related fees” are fees for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements; (3) "tax fees"“tax fees” are fees for tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning; and (4) "all“all other fees"fees” are fees for any services not included in the first three categories.

The Audit Committee approvedpre-approved all audit and non-auditaudit-related services provided to the Company by KPMG during Fiscal 2017.

Deloitte & Touche LLP for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee consists of Messrs. Willis (Chair), McNameeJoggerst, Kenausis and Hickey,McNamee, each of whom is an independent director under the NASDAQNasdaq Rules. The Compensation Committee held sevenfive meetings during Fiscal 2017.2023. See "Compensation“Compensation Committee Report"Report” and "Compensation“Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" Participation”

21


for a further description of the activities of the Compensation Committee and its activities in Fiscal 2017.2023. The Compensation Committee'sCommittee’s primary responsibilities include (i) dischargingreviewing, prescribing, and approving compensation policies, plans, and programs that are appropriate for the responsibilitiesCompany in light of all relevant circumstances, that provide incentives to achievement of the Board relating to compensationCompany’s goals and objectives, that are consistent with the culture of the Company'sCompany and that further the overall goal of building stockholder value; and (ii) reviewing and approving changes to the Company’s executive officers (ii) providing oversight ofand management team as the Company's benefit, perquisiteCompany’s needs and employee equity programs, and (iii) reviewing the adequacy of the Company's management succession plans.priorities evolve over time. A more complete description of the Compensation Committee'sCommittee’s functions is set forth in the Compensation Committee'sCommittee’s charter, which is published on the "Investors"“Investor Relations” section of the Company'sCompany’s website atwww.plugpower.com.

Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (the "Governance Committee") consists of Ms. Helmer (Chair) and Messrs. Joggerst, McNamee and Willis. The Board has determined that each of each of Ms. Helmer and Messrs. SchneiderJoggerst, McNamee and Hickey (Chair), each of whomWillis is an independent director under the NASDAQNasdaq Rules. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee held sixfive meetings during Fiscal 2017.2023. The


Corporate Governance Committee'sand Nominating Committee’s responsibilities include (i) establishing criteria for Board and committee membership, (ii) considering director nominations consistent with the requirement that a majority of the Board be comprised of independent directors as defined in the NASDAQNasdaq Rules, (iii) identifying individuals qualified to become boardBoard members, and (iv) selecting the director nominees for election at each Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee is also responsible for developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company and periodically reviewing such guidelines and recommending any changes thereto. A more complete description of the Corporate Governance Committee'sand Nominating Committee’s functions is set forth in the Corporate Governance Committee'sand Nominating Committee’s charter, which is published on the "Investors"“Investor Relations” section of the Company'sCompany’s website atwww.plugpower.com.

Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.

Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee
The Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee consists of Mr. Kenausis (Chair), Messrs. McNamee, Song and Willis, and Ms. Mahtani. The Board has determined that each of Mr. Kenausis (Chair), Messrs. McNamee, Song and Willis, and Ms. Mahtani is an independent director under the Nasdaq Rules. The Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee did not hold any meetings during Fiscal 2023, but had various discussions with management during Fiscal 2023. The Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee’s responsibilities include assisting the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to the Company’s long-term strategy, risks and opportunities relating to such strategy, and strategic decisions regarding acquisitions, investments, joint ventures and divestitures by the Company. A more complete description of the Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee’s functions is set forth in the Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee charter, which is published on the “Investor Relations” section of the Company’s website at www.plugpower.com. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.

22

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Regulatory Affairs Committee
The Regulatory Affairs Committee consists of Ms. Helmer and Messrs. Bonney, McNamee and Willis. The Board has determined that each of Ms. Helmer (Chair) and Messrs. Bonney, McNamee and Willis is an independent director under the Nasdaq Rules. The Regulatory Affairs Committee did not hold any meetings during Fiscal 2023, but had various discussions with management during Fiscal 2023. The Regulatory Affairs Committee’s responsibilities include making recommendations to the Board relating to internal oversight responsibilities of the Company’s compliance programs and activities to help ensure the Company complies with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to the Company and its operations. The primary objective of the Committee is to provide direction and oversight with respect to the Company’s compliance program, including reviewing the Company’s compliance policies, plans and programs, and recommending changes to the Board that are appropriate for the Company in light of all relevant circumstances, developing and assisting the Company’s personnel designated with oversight of the compliance program in supervising the Company’s internal programs, and monitoring the Company’s compliance with applicable laws, regulations, policies and procedures. A more complete description of the Regulatory Affairs Committee’s functions is set forth in the Regulatory Affairs Committee’s charter. which is published on the “Investor Relations” section of the Company’s website at www.plugpower.com. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
We have adopted corporate governance guidelines that serve as a flexible framework within which our Board of Directors and its committees operate. These guidelines cover a number of areas including Board membership criteria and director qualifications, director responsibilities, Board structure, Board member access to management and independent advisors, director compensation, director orientation and continuing education, evaluation of senior management and management succession planning. A copy of our corporate governance guidelines is published on our website at www.plugpower.com under the Investor Relations section. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.
Code of Conduct
We have adopted the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code of Conduct”), which is applicable to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Conduct is a “code of ethics” as defined in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K and embodies our principles and practices relating to the ethical conduct of our business and our long- standing commitment to honesty, fair dealing and full compliance with all laws affecting our business. In the event that we amend or waive certain provisions of our Code of Conduct in a manner that requires disclosure under applicable rules, we intend to provide such required disclosure on our website in accordance with applicable SEC and Nasdaq Rules. Our Code of Conduct is available on our website at www.plugpower.com under the Investor Relations section. Our website is not incorporated into or a part of this proxy statement.

23

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Director Compensation

The Compensation Committee periodically reviews the Company'sCompany’s Non-Employee Director Compensation Plan (the "Plan"“Director Compensation Plan”) to ensure that the compensation paid to non-employee directors aligns the directors'directors’ interests with the long-term interests of the stockholders and that the structure of the compensation is simple, transparent, and easy for stockholders to understand. The Compensation Committee also considers whether the Director Compensation Plan fairly compensates the Company'sCompany’s directors when considering the workworkload and commitment required in a company of the size, scope and scopecomplexity of the Company.Plug Power, and considers general market compensation levels for directors to determine whether our director compensation is reasonable and competitive to attract highly qualified and talented individuals to serve on our Board. Employee directors do not receive additional compensation for their services as directors.

        During 2017, the Compensation Committee engaged Radford, an Aon Hewitt The Company as an independent compensation consultant to aid the Compensation Committee in its oversightreimburses all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by directors for their attendance at meetings of executive compensation and non-employee director compensation. See "Independent Compensation Consultant" under "Executive Compensation" for further discussion.

our Board or any committee thereof.

Pursuant to the Director Compensation Plan, upon initial election or appointment to the Board, each non-employee directors receivedirector (other than Dr. Song) receives an initial, one-time award of a non-qualified stock options equivalentoption to $150,000 in value,purchase a number of shares equal to $225,000 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date, with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date, and that become fully vested and exercisablevests in full on the first anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued service through such date. EachThe initial award expires ten (10) years from the grant date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all shares of our common stock subject to such non-qualified stock option will become fully vested and exercisable, subject to the non-employee director’s continued service relationship through the consummation of a “Sale Event,” as defined in the Company’s 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended (the “2021 Plan”), immediately prior to the consummation of such Sale Event. In addition, pursuant to the Director Compensation Plan, each year of a non-employee director'sdirector’s tenure, the director (other than Dr. Song and any director receiving an initial award upon initial election or appointment to the Board) receives an equity grant equivalent to $125,000 in value that is paid 50% incomprised of (i) a non-qualified stock optionsoption to purchase a number of shares equal to $112,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the date of the grant and 50% in(ii) a number of shares of restricted Common Stock.common stock equal to $112,500 divided by the closing price of our common stock on the grant date. The stock option portion of the grant expires ten (10) years from the grant date and has an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant datedate. The annual stock option and becomes fully vested and exercisable onrestricted common stock awards vest in full upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date or the date of the next annual meeting which is at least fifty (50) weeks after the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting, subject to continued service through such date. TheNotwithstanding the foregoing, all such shares of restricted Common Stock grant becomescommon stock and stock options will become fully vested, subject to the non-employee director’s continued service relationship through the consummation of a Sale Event, immediately prior to the consummation of such Sale Event.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, the Chairman of the Board received a $125,000 annual retainer for service as Chairman of the Board, other Board members received a $60,000 annual retainer for service on the first anniversaryBoard and committee members received annual retainers for their service on committees of the grant date.

        Under the Plan, each non-employee director is paid an annual retainer of $40,000 ($85,000 for any non-employee Chairman) for his or her services. Committee members receive additional annual retainersBoard in accordance with the following table:


24

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Committee
 Chairman Member 

Audit Committee

 $20,000 $15,000 

Compensation Committee

  15,000  5,000 

Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee

  10,000  5,000 

        These additional payments for service on a committee are due to the workload and broad-based responsibilities of the committees.
CommitteesChair ($)Member ($)
Audit Committee25,00020,000
Compensation Committee20,00010,000
Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee15,00010,000
Merger & Acquisition / Strategy Committee15,00010,000
Regulatory Affairs Committee15,00010,000

The total amount of the annual retainer is paid in a combination of 50% cash and 50% Common Stock,in shares of common stock of the Company, provided that the directordirectors may elect to receive a greater portion (up to 100%) of the total retainer in Common Stock.common stock. At the discretion of the Compensation Committee, directors may elect to receive up to 80% of their annual retainers in cash. All Common Stockcommon stock issued for the annual retainers is fully vested at the time of issuance and is valued at its fair market value on the date of issuance. Non-employee directors are also reimbursed for their direct expenses associated with their attendance at board meetings.

Dr. Song does not receive any compensation as a director (cash or equity) pursuant to the terms of the Investor Agreement.

Non-Employee Director Compensation Table

The following table provides information forshows the compensation received or earned by each of our non-employee directors in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Mr. Marsh, who served during Fiscal 2017.

is our President and Chief Executive Officer, did not receive any additional compensation for his service as a director. The compensation received by Mr. Marsh, as an employee, is presented in “Executive Compensation — 2023 Summary Compensation Table” below.
Name
Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash
(1)($)
Stock
Awards
(2)($)
Option
Awards
(3)($)
All Other
Compensation($)
Total($)
Mark J. Bonney(4)(5)
45,354152,055197,409
Jean A. Bua(6)
43,664112,500(6)79,576(6)235,740
Maureen O. Helmer(7)
185,000112,50079,576377,076
Patrick Joggerst(5)
38,192152,055190,247
Gregory L. Kenausis107,059112,50079,576299,135
Kavita Mahtani85,000112,50079,576277,076
George C. McNamee(8)
325,000112,50079,576517,076
Lucas P. Schneider(9)
34,13834,138
Jonathan M. Silver(10)
42,192112,500(10)79,576(10)306,085(11)540,353
Kyungyeol Song(12)
Gary K. Willis125,000112,50079,576317,076
Name
 Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash ($)
 Fees Earned
or Paid in
Stock
 Stock
Awards(1)
($)
 Option
Awards(2)
($)
 Total ($) 

Douglas Hickey

  27,500  27,500  62,500  49,472  166,972 

Gary Willis

  35,000  35,000  62,500  49,472  181,972 

George McNamee

  45,000  45,000  62,500  49,472  201,972 

Gregory Kenausis

    55,000  62,500  49,472  166,972 

Johannes Minoh Roth

    55,000  62,500  49,472  166,972 

Gregory Graves

  18,961  18,961  62,500  168,285  268,707 

Maureen Helmer

  30,000  30,000  62,500  49,472  171,972 

Larry Garberding(3)

  16,072  16,072      32,144 

Xavier Pontone(3)

  9,890  9,890      19,780 

Lucas Schneider

  16,719  16,719  62,500  169,878  265,816 

(1)
(1)
Each of the following non-employee directors elected to receive all or a portion of their annual retainers in common stock in lieu of cash in the following amounts: Mark J. Bonney ($22,677), Jean A. Bua ($21,832), Maureen O. Helmer ($55,000), Patrick Joggerst ($19,096), Gregory L. Kenausis ($69,588), Kavita Mahtani ($42,500), George C. McNamee ($100,000), Jonathan M. Silver ($42,192), Lucas P. Schneider ($17,069), and Gary K. Willis ($62,500).
(2)
This column represents the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awardawards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards

25

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Codification ("ASC") Topic 718.718 (“FASB ASC Topic 718”). Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures.forfeitures related to service-based vesting. Fair value is calculated using the closing price of the Common Stockour common stock on the date of grant. Stock awards granted to directors as part of their annual retainer are fully vested upon grant and annual restricted stock awards made to directors vest immediately.in full on the first anniversary of the grant date. For additional information on stock awards, refer to note 16Note 19 of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements in ourthe Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC.2023. These amounts reflect the Company'sCompany’s accounting expense for these awards, and do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that will be recognized by the non-employee directors.

(2)
As of December 31, 2023, the following non-employee directors each held 12,149 shares of restricted stock: Maureen O Helmer, Gregory L. Kenausis, Kavita Mahtani, George C. McNamee, and Gary K. Willis. Mark J. Bonney and Patrick Joggerst did not hold any shares of restricted stock as of December 31, 2023.
(3)
This column represents the aggregate grant date fair value of the option awardawards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures.forfeitures related to service-based vesting. For additional information on the valuation assumptions with respect to option awards, refer to note 16Note 19 of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements in ourthe Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC.2023. These amounts reflect the Company'sCompany’s accounting expense for these awards, and do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that will be recognized by the non-employee directors. As of December 31, 2017,2023, following the non-employee directors held options to purchase the following number of shares of Common Stock as follows: Douglas Hickey (190,343)common stock: Mark J. Bonney (20,548), Gary Willis (207,643)Maureen O. Helmer (63,283), Patrick Joggerst (20,548), Gregory L. Kenausis (113,283), Kavita Mahtani (27,669), George C. McNamee (230,343)(112,247), Gregory Kenausis (164,343)and Gary K. Willis (194,247).
(4)
Fees earned in cash by Mark J. Bonney were paid to On Board Advisors, LLC, Mr. Bonney’s consulting firm.
(5)
Effective July 10, 2023, Mark J. Bonney and Patrick Joggerst were appointed to the Board.
(6)
Effective July 5, 2023, Jean A. Bua resigned from the Board. Ms. Bua forfeited 12,149 shares of restricted stock and 12,149 shares subject to stock options upon her departure from the Board.
(7)
In addition to compensation for her services as a director of the Company pursuant to the Director Compensation Plan, Maureen O. Helmer also received a one-time cash payment of $75,000 for extraordinary service beyond her typical duties and responsibilities as a non-employee director and in connection with additional time commitments required of her during 2023 for services on the Board.
(8)
In addition to compensation for his services as a director of the Company, George C. McNamee receives $12,500 per quarter for his services on the board of directors of HyVia, which is the Company’s joint venture with Renault SAS. In 2023, Mr. McNamee also received a one-time cash payment of $75,000 in recognition of his special assistance and service to the Board.
(9)
Effective June 27, 2023, the date of our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, Lucas P. Schneider ended his term on the Board.

26

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(10)
Effective July 10, 2023, Jonathan M. Silver resigned from the Board. Mr. Silver forfeited 12,149 shares of restricted stock and 12,149 shares subject to stock options upon his departure from the Board.
(11)
Effective July 10, 2023, the Company and Mr. Silver entered into a consulting agreement, pursuant to which Mr. Silver served as an advisor and provided consulting services to the Company from July 10, 2023 until July 10, 2024. Under the terms of the consulting agreement, Mr. Silver is eligible to receive an aggregate of $80,000 worth of common stock of the Company (valued at the closing price on the date of grant), Johannes Minoh Roth (174,343), Gregory Graves (99,110), Maureen Helmer (201,643)paid in four quarterly installments, and Lucas Schneider (130,695).

(3)
Terman additional award of 24,300 shares of fully vested common stock on the start date of the consulting term. During the year ended December 31, 2023, Mr. Silver received an aggregate of 29,345 shares of common stock in consulting fees.
(12)
Dr. Song is the SK Designee to the Board and does not receive any compensation for his services as director ended June 28, 2017.a director. Dr. Song did not hold any shares of restricted stock or stock options as of December 31, 2023.

Policy Governing Director Attendance at Annual Meetings

        The Board has adopted a formal policy that all

All of our directors are expected to attend the Company'sCompany’s Annual Meetings of Stockholders, in person, unless doing so is impracticable due to unavoidable conflicts. At the time of the 2017 Annual Meeting,2023 annual meeting of stockholders, the Company had eleven (11)ten directors nine (9) of whomand all attended the 2017 Annual Meeting.

2023 annual meeting, with the exception of Jean A. Bua.

Policies Governing Director Nominations

Securityholder Recommendations

The Corporate Governance Committee'sand Nominating Committee’s current policy with regard to the consideration of director candidates recommended by securityholders is that it will review and consider any director candidates who have been recommended by one or more of the stockholders of the Company entitled to vote in the election of directors in compliance with the procedures established from time to time by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. All securityholder recommendations for director candidates must be submitted to the Company'sCompany’s Corporate Secretary at Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110, who will forward all recommendations to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. We did not receive any securityholder recommendations for director candidates for election at the 2018 Annual Meeting. All securityholder recommendations for director candidates for election at the Company's 2019 annual meeting must be submitted to the Company's Corporate Secretary not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to May 16, 2019, which dates are February 15, 2019 and January 16, 2019, respectively, and must include the following information:

    the name and address of recordFor a discussion of the stockholder;

    a representation that the securityholder is a record holder of the Company's stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, or if the securityholder is not a record holder, evidence of ownership in accordance with Rule 14a-8(b)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act");

    the name, age, business and residential address, educational background, current principal occupation or employment, and principal occupation or employmentrequirements for the preceding five (5) full fiscal yearssubmission of the proposedstockholder proposals or director candidate;

    a description of the qualifications and background of the proposed director candidate which addresses the minimum qualifications and other criteria for membership on the Board approved by the Governance Committee from time to time;

    a description of all arrangements or understandings between the securityholder and the proposed director candidate;

    the consent of the proposed director candidate (i) to be named in the proxy statement relating to thenominations, please see “Submission Of Stockholder Proposals Or Director Nominations For 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and (ii) to serve as a director if elected at such annual meeting; and

    any other information regarding the proposed director candidate that is required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the rules of the SEC.

    ” below.

Board Membership Criteria

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee has established criteria for membership on the Board. These criteria include the following specific, minimum qualifications that the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee believes must be met by a Corporate Governance Committee-and Nominating Committee recommended nominee for a position on the Board:


The nominee must have high personal and professional integrity, must have demonstrated exceptional ability and judgment, and must be expected, in the

27

TABLE OF CONTENTS

judgment of the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee, to be highly effective, in conjunction with the other nominees to the Board, in collectively serving the interests of the Company and its stockholders.

In addition to the minimum qualifications for each nominee set forth above, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will recommend that the Board select persons for nomination to help ensure that:


the Board will be comprised of a majority of "independent directors"“independent directors” in accordance with NASDAQ rules;

the Nasdaq Rules;

each of the Audit, Compensation, and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committees shall be comprised entirely of independent directors;


each member of the Audit Committee is able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company'scompany’s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement; and


at least one member of the Audit Committee has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the individual'sindividual’s financial sophistication, including being or having been a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities.

Finally, in addition to any other standards the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee may deem appropriate from time to time for the overall structure and composition of the Board, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee when recommending that the Board select persons for nomination, may consider whether the nominee has direct experience in the industry or in the markets in which the Company operates.

The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will recommend to the Board the nomination of the director candidates who it believes will, together with the existing members of the Board and other nominees, best serve the interests of the Company and its stockholders.

Identifying and Evaluating Nominees

In considering whether to recommend any candidate for inclusion in the Board'sBoard’s slate of recommended director nominees, including candidates recommended by shareholders,stockholders, the Company's Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee will primarily apply the criteria set forth in our Corporate Governance Guidelines.corporate governance guidelines. These criteria include the candidate'scandidate’s integrity, business acumen, age, experience, commitment, diligence, conflicts of interest, and the ability to act in the interests of all shareholders.stockholders. Our Corporate Governance Guidelinescorporate governance guidelines specify that the value of diversity on the Board should be considered by the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee in the director identification and nomination process. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee seeks nominees with a broad diversity of experience, professions, skills, geographic representation, and backgrounds. The Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee does not assign specific weights to particular criteria and no particular criterion is necessarily applicable to all prospective nominees. The Company believes that the backgrounds and qualifications of the directors, considered as a group, should provide a significant composite

28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

mix of experience, knowledge, and abilities that will allow the Board to fulfill its responsibilities. Nominees are not discriminated against on the basis of race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, disability, or any other basis proscribedprotected by law. For a more comprehensive discussion of our Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee'sCommittee’s current policy with regard to the consideration of director candidates, please refer to "PoliciesPolicies Governing Director Nominations."

To review the effectiveness of assessing the diverse skills, qualifications, and backgrounds of director nominations, the Board and each of the threefive standing Board Committees conductcommittees conducts annual self-evaluations. In addition, the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee monitors the effectiveness of these procedures on an ongoing basis.


29

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
Plug Power recognizes that environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) issues are of increasing importance to many investors. We are proud to have published another Corporate Environmental, Social and Governance report (the “ESG Report”) this year. The report contains information about our approach to ESG and details our efforts to link environmental and social impacts to our business strategy to lead the global green hydrogen economy. The ESG report is posted on our website. As part of our ESG efforts, we are committed to fostering a positive and engaging culture of inclusion, care, and support where all people throughout our global workforce can thrive and we are also dedicated to strengthening and improving the quality of life in our communities.
Corporate responsibility is an enterprise-wide commitment and our executive team, supported by our Board, monitors and supports our corporate responsibility efforts.
Environmental Impact
We are focused on continuing to lead energy transformation with our green hydrogen solutions. From implementing our Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells and electrolyzers that help global customers adopt green hydrogen, to developing end-to-end green hydrogen solutions, we believe our hydrogen solution ecosystem will help the economy transition from one that is fossil fuel-driven to one that is better for a livable planet. Our commitment to the environment is reflected not only through the impacts of our products in operation but to our commitment to resource efficiency, responsible design, materials management, and recycling. Our mission is to consistently increase our supply chain responsibility and manage our products at the end of their lifecycles so that we can displace diesel and other fossil fuels with the accelerated use of green hydrogen as we transition to a global net-zero economy.
In 2023, we reported Scope 1 and 2 emissions, water usage, and electricity usage across all sites. As a first step with respect to our Scope 3 emissions data reporting, we leveraged a consultant in 2023 to conduct an assessment to identify categories material to us based on our operations, potential calculation methodologies, and anticipated data requests. In 2022, we had leveraged a consultant to assist us with performing a physical risk scenario analysis to better understand the resilience of our business, as well as climate risk and opportunity assessment, which was aligned to the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures risk taxonomy, to provide an understanding of the types of climate-related risks and opportunities our business may face in the coming years. These analyses remain instructive to our organization on the climate related risks we face now and into the future.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
We are dedicated to fostering a culture of diversity and committed to hiring talented individuals from all backgrounds and perspectives to which our ultimate success is linked. Based on self-reporting by our employees in the United States, as of December 31, 2023, approximately 36% of our workforce population was considered diverse and approximately 17% was female.
We are an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and actively seek to maintain a workplace that is free from discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, nationality, disability or protected veteran status.

30

TABLE OF CONTENTS

At Plug, we appreciate the collective differences of our employees, and we value different perspectives to solve complex problems and bring innovative solutions. We endeavor to champion inclusivity, to respect each other, and to celebrate our differences as we build an environment of which we are all proud to be a part.

Diversity: We embrace the unique characteristics and identities of our employees. Collectively, these individual differences enhance our culture and company achievements. We believe that our strength comes from our intellectual and social diversity and that diversity powers innovation and inspires our team.

Equity: All employees have equal opportunity to advance. People are the power of Plug, and we are committed to the investment in our employees. We seek to provide everyone at the Company with equal opportunity to grow and develop, leveraging the unique skills and differences of their individual background, characteristics, and aspirations.

Inclusion: We strive to cultivate inclusivity as an organization. At Plug, we are transparent and collaborative, welcoming ideas, thoughts, and questions from everyone. We respect different strengths and viewpoints, understanding that we are stronger together.
To progress further on our Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (“DEI”) initiatives such as recruitment, talent development, and equitable compensation packages, we have established a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Policy, which sets out the principles and framework by which we, our Board, management, employees and stakeholders strive to foster a diverse, equitable and inclusive culture. We intend to continue conducting human capital management activities, including recruitment, career development and advancement, role design and compensation in a manner reflective of our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion. We also strive to promote diversity on our Board and in leadership roles throughout the Company. Currently, four of the Company’s nine directors self-identify as female, an under-represented minority or LGBTQ+.
Engagement
We believe that listening to our employees is key to providing a work environment that is inclusive and results in a motivated and engaged workforce. We conduct anonymous employee surveys to understand where we have opportunities to improve and solicit ideas from employees. In our most recent survey in March 2023, employees indicated they would recommend Plug as a great place to work and they are happy working at Plug. Employees indicated they were excited about Plug’s future; they believe they are doing meaningful work at Plug and feel comfortable being themselves at work.
We also believe that transparency and communication are key elements of our culture. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have held a weekly employee meeting led by our Chief Executive Officer. The meeting covers a timely business topic delivered by a subject matter expert within Plug. This provides timely information and opportunities for upcoming leaders to develop their presentation skills and aims to align the workforce with our vision, strategy, and objectives. An open question and answer session is hosted as part of the weekly employee meeting by the Chief Executive Officer, in which employees are encouraged to submit questions and can do so anonymously if they prefer.

31

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Community Involvement
We recognize the importance of supporting our local communities as we continue to grow as an organization. For example, we donate to our local communities, facilitate employee donations through United Way, and have initiated a Community Relations Program to evaluate deserving nonprofit organizations to boost our corporate giving program. Also, each Plug employee is provided 16 hours per year paid time off to volunteer with a not-for-profit organization of his or her choice.
Talent and Training
Our talent strategy is a balance of attracting external talent, combined with the possibility of upward mobility that encourages career growth and opportunity to progress within Plug. We leverage both internal and external recruitment resources and incentivize our current employees through our employee referral program to refer talent they recommend as future employees of Plug.
A key component to planning for individual career growth aligned with organizational growth is learning and development. For example, our educational assistance program offers financial assistance to encourage employees to continue their education and support their continuous enhancement of their knowledge and skills. Besides job-specific safety training, we offer personal development training on many topics, including sustainability and wellness. Online participation in internally developed business-related courses called Plugology is encouraged for all employees and helps newly hired employees assimilate to the business.
Health, Safety and Wellness
We strive to create a safe working environment, promoting environmental and employee health and safety awareness, and seek to undertake appropriate actions to reduce health and safety risks and establish procedures with appropriate protection for the safety of our employees. In addition, we undertake to safeguard the health and well-being of our employees by providing them with access to health and wellness programs that are designed to promote long-term healthy and active lifestyles. For example, in 2024, we plan to launch a Global Employee Assistance Program to help with mental health, coaching and therapy services.
Contacting the Board of Directors

We have a process by which stockholders and/or other parties may communicate with the Board. You may contact any director of the Company by writing to them c/o Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Your letter should clearly specify the name of the individual director or group of directors to whom your letter is addressed. AnyAll communications received in this manner will be forwarded to the Board as addressed.



32

TABLE OF CONTENTS


INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Executive Officers
The names and ages of all executive officers of the Company and the principal occupation and business experience for at least the last five years for each are set forth below. The ages of and biographical information regarding each executive officer is based on information furnished to the Company by each executive officer and isbelow as of March 26, 2018.

the date of this proxy statement.
Executive OfficersAgePosition
Executive Officers
AgePosition

Andrew J. Marsh

6268President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Paul B. Middleton

5057Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President

Keith C. Schmid

55Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer

Gerard L. Conway, Jr.

5358General Counsel, Corporate Secretary and SeniorExecutive Vice President

Jose Luis Crespo

4854General Manager, Applications and Executive Vice President Global Sales

Martin D. Hull

5056Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Keith C. Schmid61Executive Vice President, Special Projects
Sanjay K. Shrestha50General Manager, Energy Solutions, Chief Strategy Officer, and Executive Vice President

        The biographies of each of the executive officers below contains information regarding the person's service as an executive, business experience, director positions held currently or at any time during the last five years, and information regarding the experiences, qualifications, attributes or skills that caused the Corporate Governance Committee and the Board to determine that the person should serve as an executive officer.

Andrew Marsh'sJ. Marsh’s biographical information can be found in "Information about our Directors" in this Proxy Statement.

“Directors” above.

Paul B. Middleton joined Plug Power Inc.the Company as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President in 2014. Prior to Plug Power, Mr. Middleton worked at Rogers Corp., a global manufacturer and distributor of specialty polymer composite materials and components, from 2001 to 2014. During his tenure at Rogers Corp., Mr. Middleton served in many senior financial leadership roles, including Corporate Controller and Principal Accounting Officer, Treasurer and Interim Chief Financial Officer. Prior to Rogers Corp., Mr. Middleton managed all financial administration for the tools division of Coopers Industries from 1997 to 2001. Mr. Middleton holds a Master of Science in Accounting and a BBA from the University of Central Florida. Additionally, he is a Certified Public Accountant.

Keith C. Schmid joined Plug Power Inc. as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in 2013. Mr. Schmid served as President of SPS Solutions, a power solutions and energy storage consulting firm, from 2011 to 2013. Previously, Mr. Schmid served as CEO of Boston-Power Incorporated, a provider of large format lithium ion battery solutions, in 2011, and as President and CEO of Power Distribution Incorporated, a power distribution and protection company, from 2007 to 2010. In addition, Mr. Schmid held the position of General Manager, Industrial Energy Division—Americas for Exide Technologies from 2001 to 2007. Mr. Schmid holds a Master of Science degree in Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Gerard L. Conway, Jr. has served as General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of the Company since September 2004 and, since March 2009, has also served as SeniorExecutive Vice President.President of the Company. In that capacity, Mr. Conway is responsible for advising the Company on legal issues such as corporate law, securities, contracts, strategic alliances, and intellectual property. He also serves as the Compliance Officer for securities matters affecting the Company. During his tenure, Mr. ConwayCompany and has served as Vice President of Government Relations fromAffairs since 2005 to June 2008 and, in that capacity, he advocatedadvocates on energy issues, policies, legislation, and regulations on the state, federal, national, and international levels on behalf of the Company and the alternative energy sector. Prior to his appointment to his current position, Mr. Conway served as Associate General Counsel and Director of Government Relations for the Company beginning in July 2000. Prior to joining Plug Power, Mr. Conway spent four years as an Associate with Featherstonhaugh, Conway, Wiley & Clyne, LLP, where he concentrated in government relations, business and corporate law. Mr. Conway has more than twenty25 years of experience in general


business, corporate law, real estate matters, and government relations. Mr. Conway holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Philosophy from Colgate University and a Juris Doctorate from Boston University School of Law.

Jose Luis Crespo joined the Company as Vice President of Business and International Sales in 2014. He was promoted to Vice President of Global Sales in January of 2015.2015 and in 2016 he was named General Manager for Hypulsion, the Company’s wholly owned

33


European subsidiary. In 2021, Mr. Crespo was named General Manager of Material Handling and Executive Vice President and in May of 2023, he was named General Manager of Applications and Executive Vice President, a position that he holds currently. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Crespo served as Vice President of International Value Stream at Smiths Power, a supplier of power distribution, conditioning, protection and monitoring solutions for data centers, wireless communications and other critical or high-value electrical systems, from 2009 to 2013. Mr. Crespo currently serves on the board of directors of AccionaPlug S.L., which is the Company’s joint venture with Acciona Generación Renovable, S.A. Mr. Crespo holds a MastersMaster in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix and a degree in Telecommunications Engineering from the Engineering University of Madrid, Spain.

Martin D. Hull joined Plug Power Inc.the Company as Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer in April 2015. Prior to that, he was a principal and director with the certified public accounting firm of Marvin and Company, P.C. from November 2012 to March 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Hull was with KPMG LLP, serving as partner from October 2004 to September 2012, and has a total of 24 years of public accounting experience. Mr. Hull holds a BachelorsBachelor of Business Administration with a concentration in Accounting from the University of Notre Dame. Additionally, he is a Certified Public Accountant.

        Subject to any terms of any employment agreement with

Keith C. Schmid joined the Company (as further describedas Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in 2013. In May of 2023, Mr. Schmid was named Executive Vice President of Special Projects, a position that he holds currently. Mr. Schmid served as President of SPS Solutions, a power solutions and energy storage consulting firm, from 2011 to 2013. Previously, Mr. Schmid served as Chief Executive Officer of Boston-Power Incorporated, a provider of large format lithium ion battery solutions, in 2011, and as President and Chief Executive Officer of Power Distribution Incorporated, a power distribution and protection company, from 2007 to 2010. In addition, Mr. Schmid held the position of General Manager, Industrial Energy Division-Americas for Exide Technologies, a multinational lead-acid batteries manufacturing company, from 2001 to 2007. Mr. Schmid currently serves on the boards of directors of HyVia, which is the Company’s joint venture with Renault SAS, and SK Plug Hyverse Co., Ltd., which is the Company’s joint venture with SK E&S. Mr. Schmid holds a Master of Science degree in Engineering and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Sanjay K. Shrestha joined the Company as Chief Strategy Officer and Executive Vice President in April 2019, and was appointed as General Manager, Energy Solutions in January 2021. Prior to joining Plug Power, Mr. Shrestha served as the Chief Investment Officer of Sky Solar Holdings, which owned and operated solar projects in Japan, Europe and the Americas, and President of Sky Capital America, which owned and operated solar projects in North and South America, since 2015. Under his leadership, Sky Capital America built and acquired over 100MW of operating solar assets and secured a pipeline over 100MW. He also sourced various types of financing solutions to support this Proxy Statement), eachgrowth, including project debt, construction equity and long-term equity. Before Sky Capital America, he led the renewables investment banking effort at FBR Capital Markets (now known as B. Riley Financial, Inc.) since 2013. During 2014, and under his leadership, the firm was ranked among the top renewable energy underwriters in the United States. Prior to joining FBR Capital Markets, Mr. Shrestha was the global head of renewables research coverage at Lazard Capital Markets. During his tenure at Lazard Capital Markets,

34


he was a member of the executive officers holds his or her respective office until the regular annual meetingInstitutional Investor All America Research team and was also ranked as one of the Board followingtop five stock pickers on a global basis. Prior to Lazard Capital Markets, Mr. Shrestha was at First Albany Capital, where he built the Annual Meetingfirm’s renewables and industrial research practice. Mr. Shrestha serves as an independent director on the board of Stockholdersdirectors of Fusemachines, an artificial intelligence talent and until his or her successoreducation solutions company. Mr. Shrestha currently serves on the boards of directors of AccionaPlug S.L., which is electedthe Company’s joint venture with Acciona Generación Renovable, S.A., and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.

Hidrogenii, which is the Company’s joint venture with Niloco Hydrogen Holdings LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Olin Corporation. Mr. Shrestha received a Bachelor of Science and an honorary doctorate degree in 2022 from The College of Saint Rose. He brings to the Company more than two decades of experience in the broader clean tech sector.


35


EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

        We provide what we believe is a competitive total compensation package to our executive management team through a combination of base salary, annual incentive bonuses, long-term equity incentive compensation, and broad-based benefits programs. We place emphasis on pay-for-performance based incentive compensation, which is designed to reward our executives based on the achievement of predetermined performance goals.

This Compensation Discussion and Analysis explainsdiscusses our compensation objectives, policies and practicesdeterminations that apply to our named executive officers. For 2023, our “named executive officers,” under applicable SEC reporting requirements, are:
With Plug Power
Since:
Andrew J. Marsh, our President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director2008
Paul B. Middleton, our Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President2014
Gerard L. Conway, Jr., our General Counsel, Corporate Secretary, and Executive Vice President2000
Jose Luis Crespo, our General Manager, Applications and Executive Vice President2014
Sanjay K. Shrestha, our General Manager, Energy Solutions, Chief Strategy Officer, and Executive Vice President2019
The following discussion should be read together with respectthe compensation tables and related disclosures that follow.
Executive Summary
Business and Strategic Highlights
In 2023, Plug Power continued to position itself to become the global leader in the hydrogen ecosystem and to serve the entire ecosystem of clean hydrogen products — from generation to storage to transportation and distribution.
We executed on important strategic growth pillars to reach significant milestones during 2023, including:

Progressed our hydrogen plant in Georgia, the largest proton exchange membrane (“PEM”) electrolyzer deployment operating in the U.S., which led to beginning production of liquid hydrogen at this plant in 2024.

Produced over one hundred 1 megawatt (“MW”) PEM stacks in one month at our gigafactory in Rochester, NY.

Signed electrolyzer deals for green hydrogen projects in industries such as glass and green steel, showcasing our commitment to decarbonizing energy-intensive sectors.

Signed electrolyzer deals for other large projects, including a 100 MW electrolyzer project for Galp, an oil & gas company in southern Europe.

Signed Basic Engineering Design Package (BEDP) for various projects during 2023 totaling over 3 gigawatts.

Signed various 1 MW stationary products for use in data centers and commissioned a 1 MW stationary product to provide grid supplementation to one of our key customers.

36


2023 Say on Pay and Investor Feedback
As of April 2024, our stockholder base is represented by approximately 55% retail investors and approximately 45% institutional investors. During 2023, we reached out to 128 of our largest institutional investors representing approximately 85% of our institutional common stock ownership. Nine institutional investors representing approximately 40% of our institutional common stock ownership accepted our invitation and we met with each individual serving asof them.
We pay careful attention to any feedback we receive from our Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer during 2017 and the three most highly-compensatedstockholders about our executive officers other thancompensation program. Every year we invite our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, who are collectively referredstockholders to as the "named executive officers."

        In accordance with Section 14A of the Exchange Act, we are providing the Company's stockholders the opportunity tocast an advisory vote on a non-binding, advisory resolution to approve the compensation of our named executive officers. At our 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, we received the support of approximately 82% of the votes cast for our “say-on-pay” advisory vote proposal. We value the views of our stockholders and intend to maintain a compensation framework that reflects our pay-for-performance compensation philosophy, is aligned with the long-term interests of our stockholders and is in line with sound governance practices.

Executive Compensation Program
Our goal is to retain and attract experienced and talented executive officers atand to motivate them to achieve our short-term and long-term financial, operational and strategic objectives that produce and promote stockholder value. To achieve this goal, we strongly emphasize a culture of pay-for-performance to provide incentives and accountability for our executive officers in working toward the 2018 Annual Meeting (See Proposal 3). The Company's stockholders were also provided thisachievement of our objectives. Accordingly, we have designed our incentive compensation programs with the goal of ensuring that actual pay varies above or below targeted compensation opportunity atbased on achievement of challenging performance goals and demonstration of meaningful individual commitment and contribution.
Key elements of our compensation programs include the 2017 Annual Meeting and voted in favor of that non-binding, advisory resolution. following:
Compensation ElementPurposeFeatures
Base salaryTo attract and retain experienced and highly skilled executives.
Fixed component of pay to provide financial stability, based on responsibilities, experience, individual contributions and competitive market data.
There were no base salary increases for our named executive officers during 2023.
Annual cash incentive bonusesTo promote and reward the achievement of key short-term strategic and business goals of the Company; to motivate and attract executives.
Variable component of pay based on annual business and operating quantitative and qualitative goals.
We set rigorous goals and the 2023 bonus was earned below the threshold level; accordingly, no

37


Compensation ElementPurposeFeatures
bonuses were earned or paid under the 2023 annual cash bonus program.
Long-term equity incentive compensationTo encourage executives and other employees to focus on long-term Company performance; to drive long-term stockholder value; to promote retention; to reward outstanding Company and individual performance.
Subject to multi-year vesting based on performance goals and/or continued service.
For 2023, the named executive officers received 100% performance-based stock options (“PSOs”). Two PSO tranches were earned during 2023 but remain subject to time-based vesting requirements. As of December 31, 2023 and the Record Date of April 8, 2024, the entire PSO award was underwater.
Executive Compensation Practices
The Compensation Committee evaluatedreviews on an ongoing basis the resultsCompany’s executive compensation program to evaluate whether it supports the Company’s executive compensation objectives and is aligned with stockholder interests. Our executive compensation practices include the following, each of which the Compensation Committee believes reinforces our executive compensation objectives:
What We DoWhat We Don’t Do
✓ Pay-for-performance by structuring a significant percentage of target annual compensation in the form of variable, at-risk compensation
✓ Offer market-competitive benefits for executives that are consistent with the rest of our employees
✓ Consult with an independent compensation consultant on compensation levels and practices
✓ Maintain robust stock ownership guidelines
✓ Have a clawback policy that applies to cash and equity incentive compensation
✓ Hold an annual say-on-pay vote
× Allow hedging or pledging of equity
× Allow for re-pricing of stock options without stockholder approval
× Provide excessive perquisites
× Provide supplemental executive retirement plans
× Provide any excise tax gross-ups
× Provide single-trigger severance arrangements

38


Setting Executive Compensation
The Compensation Committee is responsible for reviewing, and recommending to the Board for approval, the compensation of our executive officers, including our named executive officers. The Compensation Committee is composed entirely of non-employee directors who are “independent” as that term is defined in the applicable Nasdaq Rules. In making its recommendations regarding executive compensation, our Compensation Committee annually reviews the performance of our executives with our Chief Executive Officer, and our Chief Executive Officer makes recommendations to our Compensation Committee with respect to the appropriate base salary, annual incentive bonuses and performance measures, and grants of long-term equity incentive awards for each of our executives (other than himself). The Chairman of the 2017 advisory vote approvingCompensation Committee makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee with respect to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation.
In setting executive base salaries and annual cash bonuses and granting equity incentive awards, the Compensation Committee and the Board consider compensation for comparable positions in the market, the historical compensation levels of our executives, individual performance as compared to our expectations and objectives, and our desire to motivate our executives to achieve short and long-term results that are in the best interests of our stockholders.
Independent Compensation Consultant
For purposes of evaluating 2023 compensation for each of our named executive officers, as well as discussions we have had in recent years with our stockholders and the other factors discussed in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis when evaluating our executive compensation and compensation policies and practices. While each of these factors informed the Compensation Committee's decisions regarding our executive compensation program, the Compensation Committee did not implement changes to our executive compensation program as a result of the stockholder advisory vote.


Objectives of Our Executive Compensation Programs

        Our compensation programs for our named executive officers are designed to achieve the following objectives:

    Attract and retain talented and experienced executives;

    Motivate and reward executives whose knowledge, skills and performance are critical to our success;

    Provide a competitive compensation package which is weighted towards pay-for-performance and in which total compensation is primarily determined by Company and individual results and the creation of shareholder value;

    Ensure fairness among the executive management team by recognizing the contributions each executive makes to our success; and

    Motivate our executives to manage our business to meet our short- and long-term objectives and reward them for meeting these objectives.

Independent Compensation Consultant

        During 2017, the Compensation Committee retained Radford, an Aon Hewitt Company,FW Cook as anits independent compensation consultantconsultant. FW Cook has not performed services for the Company other than consulting services related to provide advisory services to aidthe compensation and benefits of our executives and non-employee directors. FW Cook assisted the Compensation Committee in its oversightthe development of executive compensation. Radford did not perform any other services for the Company in 2017. The Compensation Committeemarket comparator groups and provided Radford with background regarding the goals of our compensation program and the parameterstheir market analysis of the competitive review of executive compensation packages to be conducted by Radford. Radford was instructed to benchmark allvarious components of compensation for allthe named executive officer positions, including base salary, annual cash bonus and equity compensation. TheOur Compensation Committee also instructed Radford to reviewhas analyzed whether the public disclosure by our peer companies concerning their executive compensation models andwork of FW Cook raised any conflict of interest, taking into account relevant factors in accordance with SEC guidelines and compare them to our actual compensation practices.

        Our peer companies included the following: AeroVironment, Allied Motion Technologies, Ambarella, Ballard Power Systems, CalAmp, Clean Energy Fuels, EMCORE, FormFactor, FuelCell Energy, Inphi, InvenSense, iRobot, Maxwell Technologies, Mercury Systems, MTS Systems Corporation, Rambus, Silver Spring Networks, and Stoneridge.

Our Executive Compensation Programs

        Our executive compensation primarily consists of base salary, annual incentive bonuses, long-term equity incentive compensation and broad-based benefits programs. Consistent with the emphasis we placeNasdaq Rules. Based on pay-for-performance based incentive compensation, long-term equity incentive compensation in the form of stock options and restricted stock constitute a significant portion of our total executive compensation.

        Within the context of the overall objectives of our compensation programs,its analysis, our Compensation Committee determined that the specific amountsengagement of FW Cook does not create any conflict of interest pursuant to the SEC guidelines and Nasdaq Rules.

Peer Group Selection and Market Data
We operate in a highly specialized niche industry — the core of our business is the hydrogen molecule and, as a hydrogen supply chain company, we must attract and retain manufacturing and service technicians, engineers, scientists, innovators, and business leaders who have the passion and expertise to run our business.
Developing a peer group for the Company for compensation comparison purposes is challenging because there are few pure green hydrogen peer companies that are publicly-traded, stand-alone, U.S.-based, and size-appropriate. Furthermore, due to the nature of our business, we also compete for executive talent with companies outside our peer group, including public companies that are larger and more established than we are or that possess greater resources than we do, and with smaller private companies that may be

39


able to offer greater compensation potential. Our talent competitors run the spectrum from market leading alternative technology companies, to deep pocketed legacy fossil fuel companies who are now embracing hydrogen, to the next generation of ambitious startups with the potential to be paidgreen unicorns who can offer lucrative incentive compensation packages.
In light of the foregoing, the Compensation Committee recognizes that it is not possible to eachcreate a “perfect” compensation peer group for Plug Power, particularly for the purpose of setting long-term equity incentive levels. However, the Compensation Committee determined that a reference group of comparator companies would be useful for the purpose of determining overall market levels of annual cash compensation: specifically, base salary and annual target bonus levels.
The compensation comparator group was developed in April 2021 for purposes of evaluating our executives in 20172022 pay levels; based on a number of factors, including:

    Its reviewdata compiled by FW Cook at the time of the report provided by Radfordcomparator group development, our revenues and market capitalization were at the 23rd and 100th percentiles, respectively, in 2017 showing the amount of compensation paid by our peer companies to their executives with similar roles and responsibilities;

    Our executives' performance during 2017 in general and as measured against predetermined performance goals;

    The nature, scope and level of our executives' responsibilities;

    Our executives' effectiveness in leading the Company's initiatives to increase customer value, productivity and revenue growth;

    The individual experience and skills of, and expected contributions from, our executives;

    The executive's contributionrelation to the Company's commitmentcomparator group. During 2022, the Compensation Committee considered whether to corporate responsibility, includinginvest the executive's successtime and resources to update the compensation peer group for purposes of evaluating our 2023 pay levels. After deliberation, the Compensation Committee determined not to do so; in creatingparticular, in light of the ongoing macro uncertainties in the aftermath of the pandemic, rising interest rates and geopolitical issues impacting the energy sector and general market volatility, the Compensation Committee concluded that maintaining a culturestable year-over-year comparator group was preferable to making comparator group revisions in reaction to uncontrollable macro events with unpredictable time horizons for normalization. Accordingly, the comparator companies used to evaluate 2022 and 2023 pay levels are as follows:
AeroVironment, Inc.FuelCell Energy, Inc.Rogers Corp.
Ambarella International, L.P.Generac Holdings Inc.Semtech Corp.
Ballard Power Systems, Inc.Inphi Corp.Silicon Laboratories, Inc.
Bloom Energy Corp.Lattice Semiconductor Corp.SolarEdge Technologies, Inc.
Brooks Automation, Inc. SolutionsMACOM Technology Holdings, Inc.SunPower Corp.
Chart Industries, Inc.MaxLinear, Inc.Sunrun Inc.
Cree, Inc.Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.
Enphase Energy, Inc.Power Integrations, Inc.
As an additional general market reference, the Compensation Committee also considered survey information from the Radford Global Technology executive compensation survey. The Compensation Committee considered only aggregated survey data for purposes of unyielding integritythis general market assessment and compliance with applicable lawdid not consider the identity of the companies comprising the survey data to be material for this purpose.
The Compensation Committee considered each executive’s level and job performance, his duties and responsibilities at the Company's ethics policies;

The amountsCompany compared to the duties and responsibilities of executive officers in similar positions at the comparator group companies and in the survey data, and other circumstances unique to the Company, and evaluated whether the compensation being paid to our other executives;

The executive's contribution to our financial results;

Our executives' historical compensation at our Company;elements and

Any contractual commitments we have made levels provided to our executives regarding compensation.

were generally appropriate relative to their responsibilities at the Company and compensation elements and levels provided to their counterparts in the comparator group or within survey data.


40


The Compensation Committee considered both objective and subjective criteria to evaluate Company and individual performance and the competitive landscape, which allowed it to exercise informed judgment and not rely solely on rigid benchmarks.
Accordingly, the Compensation Committee did not formulaically tie compensation decisions to any particular percentile level of total compensation paid to executives at the comparator group companies or survey data.
Our Executive Compensation Program
Each of the primary elements of our executive compensation is discussed in detail below including a description ofand the particular element and how it fits into our overall executive compensation. Compensationcompensation paid to our named executive officers in 2017with respect to 2023 is discussed under each element. In the descriptions below, we have identified particular compensation objectives whichthat we have designed our executive compensation programs to serve; however, we have designed our compensation programs to complement each other and to collectively serve all of our executive compensation objectives described above. Accordingly, whether or not specifically mentioned below, we believe that, as a part of our overall executive compensation, each element to a greater or lesser extent serves each of our objectives.

2023 Base Salary

        We pay our executives a base salary which we review and determine annually. We believe that a competitive base salary is a necessary element of any compensation program designed to attract and retain talented and experienced executives. We also believe that attractive base salaries can motivate and reward executives for their overall performance.

Base salaries are, in part, established based onhave historically represented the individual experience, skills, expected contributionssmallest component of our executives, and our executives' performance during the prior year.

        After a review of 2016 base salaries, and in consideration of the recommendations made by Radford, we did not implement increases to the base salary of any of oureach named executive officersofficer’s total direct compensation opportunity and represent a fixed amount paid to each executive for 2017. The annual base salaries of our named executive officers for 2017performing his normal duties and 2016 were as follows: Mr. Marsh—$600,000; Mr. Middleton—$375,000; Mr. Schmid—$391,000; Mr. Conway—$280,000, and Mr. Crespo—$220,000.responsibilities. Our executives'executives’ base salaries reflect the initial base salaries that we negotiated with each of our executives at the time of his or her initial employment or promotion and our subsequent adjustments to these amounts to reflect market and merit increases, the growth and stage of development of our Company, our executives'executives’ performance and increased experience, any changes in our executives'executives’ roles and responsibilities, and other factors. The initialWe have a strong and united one-team culture and named executive officers who are our Chief Executive Officer’s direct reports are viewed as equal partners and contributors. Accordingly, for 2023, we set base salaries that we negotiated withfor named executive officers other than our executives were based on our understanding of the marketChief Executive Officer at the time,same amounts. The following table sets forth the individual experienceannual base salaries for our named executive officers for each of 2022 and skills of, and expected contribution from, each2023, as well as the percentage increase year-over-year. As shown in the table below, there were no base salary increases for our named executive the roles and responsibilities of the executive,officers during 2023.

Name
2022
Base
Salary
($)
(1)
2023
Base
Salary
($)
(1)
Increase
(%)
Andrew J. Marsh750,000750,000
Paul B. Middleton400,000400,000
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.400,000400,000
Jose Luis Crespo400,000400,000
Sanjay K. Shrestha400,000400,000
(1)
Base salaries reflect the base salariessalary rate in effect as of our existing executives, and other factors.

    year-end.


41


2023 Annual Cash Incentive Bonuses

Our named executive officers are eligible to receive annual cash incentive bonuses based on our pay-for-performancea 100% performance-oriented incentive compensation program. They are eligible to receive annual incentiveAnnual bonuses primarilyfor 2023 were based upon theirCompany performance as measured against predetermined individualpre-established performance goals, including financial measures and achievement of strategic objectives, and other factors.objectives. The primary objective of thisthe annual bonus program is to motivate and reward our named executive officers for meeting individualfinancial, operational and strategic performance goals. We do not believegoals that every important aspect of executive


performance is capable of being specifically quantified in a predetermined performance goal. For example, events outsidedrive the long-term success of our control may occur after we have establishedbusiness.

The Compensation Committee determined the 2023 annual cash incentive awards for the named executive officers' individual performance goalsofficers using the following framework:
[MISSING IMAGE: fc_anncash-4c.jpg]
For 2023, the Compensation Committee selected the following metrics for the year that require our named executive officersannual bonus plan: revenue, EBITDAS, gross margin and inventory. The Compensation Committee selected these metrics to focus their attention on different or other strategic initiatives; thus, the individual performance goals may be modified during the fiscal year by the President and Chief Executive Officer, or the Board in the case of the President and Chief Executive Officer himself, to account for such events.

        Within our pay-for-performance incentive compensation program, specific performance attainment levels are indicated for each performance goal. These performance attainment levels correlate to potential bonus award amounts that are calculated asprovide a percentage of each executive's base salary.

        We established target and threshold attainment levels for each of our named executive officers based on a percentage of his or her base salary. For Mr. Marsh, the target and threshold levels were both set at 100% of his base salary. For Mr. Middleton and Mr. Schmid, the target and threshold levels were set at 100% and 65%, respectively, of their base salary. For Mr. Crespo, the target and threshold levels were set at 200% and 100%, respectively, of his base salary. For Mr. Conway, the target and threshold levels were set at 75% and 30%, respectively, of his base salary. Becauseclear link between the annual incentive bonuses are payable based onbonus opportunity and underlying financial and operating performance. As the achievement of each of several different performance goals, the executive officer may earn a bonus in an amount equal to between 0% and 100% (or 0% and 200% in the case of Mr. Crespo, and 0% and 75% in the case of Mr. Conway) of his base salary given his actual performance. If a performance goal is not met, then the executive does not earn the portion of the bonus award attributable to that objective. The threshold level for each performance goal is considered challenging for the executive to attain, and the executive would meet expectations if he achieved this level. The target attainment level is considered the maximum, or target, level for each performance goal because it is most challenging for the executive to attain, and the executive would need to exceed expectations to achieve this level. The threshold and target performance attainment levelsmetrics are intended to providefocus on the fundamentals of annual business performance, adjustments are made for correspondingly greater or lesser incentives initems that are not indicative of core performance. The purpose of these adjustments is to ensure that the event thatmeasurement of performance is within an appropriate range above or below the target performance attainment level.

        In order to link each executive's performance to corporate-wide strategy, the executives' individual performance goals directly correlate to our corporate milestones, which are recommended by management and adopted or modified by the Board after appropriate consideration and review. The executives' individual performance goals are determined in the same way as the corporate milestones suchreflects factors that management reviews how each executive may contributecan directly control and that payout levels are not artificially inflated or impaired by factors unrelated to the corporate milestones and recommends individual performance goals to the Board. The Board, after appropriate consideration and review, approves or modifies the individual performance goals. For 2017, the individual performance goals, as well as the corporate milestones, included (i) annual product order targets, (ii) revenue, (iii) gross margins and (iv) operating cash flows. Each performance goal is given a relative weighting for each executive such that the achievement of (or failure to achieve) certain objectives has a greater impact on the potential bonus award. For 2017, the goals were weighted as follows for Messrs. Marsh, Middleton, Schmid, and Conway: order targets—25%, revenue—25%, gross margins—25% and operating cash flows—25%. For Mr. Crespo, the goals were weighted 50% towards order targets and 50% toward revenue. Because disclosurecore operation of the specific individual performancebusiness. Accordingly, the calculation of one or more of these metrics for compensatory purposes may differ from the calculation for external financial reporting purposes.

The 2023 Company goals would give competitors information that could be leveraged for competitive advantage, we do not disclose these specific individual performance goals or our executives' actual performance against such goals.

        After completion of the fiscal year, initially the Chief Executive Officer and other members of management, as appropriate, make a recommendation to the Compensation Committee of the Board for each executive's potential bonus amount based on his level of attainment of each of his individual performance goals (with the exception of the Chief Executive Officer himself whose level of attainment is evaluatedestablished by the Compensation Committee directly). for each metric, the relative weightings assigned to each metric, and the actual performance against these goals for 2023 are set forth below.

WeightThresholdTargetStretchActual
Performance
Weighted
Performance
%
Payout %50%100%200%
Revenue33%
$1.0 billion
$1.4 billion
$1.8 billion
$891 million
0%
EBITDAS*27%
$(50 million)
$0
$20 million
$(531 million)
0%
Gross Margin20%
$0 million
$140 million
$225 million
$(508 million)
0%
Inventory20%
$600 million
$500 million
$400 million
$961 million
0%
Earned Payout as a Percentage of Target: 0%
*
EBITDAS was based on performance targets for the second half of 2023 and is defined as operating income (loss), plus stock based compensation, plus depreciation and amortization, plus restructuring and other nonrecurring charges.

42


The Board, after reviewannual bonus plan also incorporated an individual performance modifier which can increase or decrease, within a range of +/- 15%, the earned payout based on individual contribution as reflected in each executive’s business unit or functional accountabilities, commitment to excellence and discussionwork ethic. The Compensation Committee’s evaluation of an executive’s performance relative to these considerations is inherently subjective and


recommendation from relies on the collective judgment of the Committee. While the Compensation Committee determinesrecognized the extraordinary efforts of the executive officers during a challenging year, the Committee determined not to exercise any positive discretion for individual contribution.

Based on the above, the final payout level of attainment for each executive's individual performance goals.

        In 2017, Mr. Marsh earned athe 2023 annual bonus of $150,000, or 25% of his annual base salary. Mr. Middleton earned a bonus of $93,750, or 25% of his annual base salary. Mr. Schmid earned a bonus of $97,750, or 25% of his annual base salary. Mr. Crespo earned a bonus of $220,000, or 100% of his annual base salary. Mr. Conway earned a bonus of $52,500, or 18.75% of his annual base salary. Annual bonus awards made tofor all the named executive officers in 2018 for performance in 2017 are reflected in the Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation column of the "Summary Compensation Table"was 0%.

Name2023
Target
Bonus
($)
2023
Financial
Performance
Achievement
(%)
2023
Individual
Contribution
Modifier
(%)
2023 Actual
Bonus
Payment
($)
Andrew J. Marsh$750,0000%$0
Paul B. Middleton$400,0000%$0
Gerard L. Conway$400,0000%$0
Jose Luis Crespo$400,0000%$0
Sanjay Shrestha$400,0000%$0
2023 Long-Term Equity Incentive Compensation

        We grant long-term equity incentive awards in

In 2023, we granted the formentirety of stock options and restricted stock to executives as part of our total compensation package. Consistent with our emphasis on pay-for-performance based incentive compensation, these awards represent a significant portion of total executive compensation. Based on the stage of our Company's development and the incentives we aim to provide to our executives, we have chosen to use either stock options or a combination of stock options and restricted stock as our long- term equity incentive awards. Our decisions regarding the amount and type of long-term equity incentive compensation and relative weighting of these awards among total executive compensation have also been based on our understanding of market practices of similarly situated companies and our negotiations with our executives in connection with their initial employment or promotion by our Company.

        Additionally, the Board adopted stock ownership guidelines for executives, including the named executive officers, and these guidelines are also considered when granting long-term equity incentive awards to executives. The ownership guidelines provide a target level of Company equity holdings with whichthe CEO and other named executive officers are expected to comply within five (5) years or the date the individual is first appointed as an executive. The target stock holdings are determined as a multiple of the named executive officer's base salary (5x for the Chief Executive Officer and 3x for the other named executive officers) and then converted to a fixed number of shares using a 200-day average stock price. The following shares count in determining compliance with the stock ownership guidelines: (i) shares owned outright by the executive or his or her immediate family members residing in the same household; (ii) shares held in the Plug Power Inc. Savingsform of PSOs that are subject to rigorous stock price hurdles. The PSOs had three core objectives:


Incentivize and Retirement Plan; (iii) restricted stock issued as part ofretain Plug’s senior leadership team;

Adhere to Plug’s pay-for-performance compensation philosophy; and

Align with Plug’s stockholders’ interests.
The PSOs have an executive's annual or other bonus whether or not vested; (iv) shares acquired upon the exercise of employee stock options; (v) shares underlying unexercised employee stock options times a factor of thirty-three percent; and (vi) shares held in trust. The named executive officers who are required to be in compliance with the stock ownership guidelines are in compliance.

        Stock option awards provide our executive officers with the right to purchase shares of Common Stock at a fixed exercise price typically for a periodper share of up to ten years, subject to continued employment with our Company. Stock options are earned on the basis of continued service and generally vest over three years, beginning with one-third vesting on the first anniversary of the grant date, one- third vesting on the second anniversary of the grant date and the final one-third vesting on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. Stock option awards are made pursuant to our Second Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. Except as may otherwise be provided in the applicable stock option award agreement, stock option awards become fully exercisable upon a change of control. The exercise price of each stock option is$7.87, which was the closing price of Common Stockthe common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market asdate of grant. The PSOs are eligible to vest and become exercisable on each of the optionfirst three anniversaries of the May 18, 2023 grant date.

        Grants to new hires and grants relating to an existing executive officer's promotion may be made on a periodic basis. All grants to executive officers are approved bydate, provided that the Compensation Committee. We


consider a numberdaily volume weighted average price of factors in determining the number ofCompany’s common stock options, ifduring any to30 consecutive trading day period during the three year performance period following the grant to our executives, including:

    date equals or exceeds the following levels:
Stock Price HurdleApplicable Vesting
Tranche 1125% of closing price on grant dateOne-third
Tranche 2150% of closing price on grant dateOne-third
Tranche 3175% of closing price on grant dateOne-third

43


The number of shares underlying PSOs granted to each named executive officer in 2023 is set forth below:
NameNumber of Shares
Underlying PSOs (#)
Andrew J. Marsh1,500,000
Paul B. Middleton750,000
Gerard L. Conway750,000
Jose Luis Crespo750,000
Sanjay Shrestha750,000
The first and second tranches of the PSOs have met their respective stock price hurdles are eligible to vest and become exercisable on each of the first three anniversaries of the May 18, 2023 grant date, subject generally to andthe named executive officer’s continued service relationship through such date; however, as of December 31, 2023, the exercise price of outstanding options, both vestedthe PSOs was below the Company’s stock price and unvested, held by our named executive officers;

the vesting scheduleentirety of the unvested stock options held by our named executive officers;PSOs were underwater.
Recognition Award
In May 2023, Mr. Conway received a $150,000 cash award in recognition of his assistance beyond his normal duties and

the amount responsibilities and percentage of our total equity on a diluted basis held by our named executive officers.

        Restricted stock awards provide our executive officershis contributions in connection with a long-term incentive alternative to the stock option awards. Restricted stock awards vest subject to both continued employment of the executive by the Companycertain governmental affairs and either time-based vesting or vesting based on satisfaction of specified performance objectives.

    regulatory matters.

Broad-Based Benefits

All full-time employees, including our named executive officers, mayare eligible to participate in our health and welfare benefit programs, including medical, dental, and vision care coverage, disability insurance and life insurance, and our 401(k) plan.

    plan on the same basis as other employees.

Currently, we do not view perquisites or other personal benefits as a significant component of our executive compensation program. Accordingly, we do not provide perquisites to our named executive officers, except in situations where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual in the performance of their duties, to make them more efficient and effective, and for recruitment and retention purposes.
Employment Arrangements
The named executive officers are subject to employment agreements that provide for severance benefits upon certain qualifying terminations of employment with the Company. The Compensation Committee considers these severance benefits to be an important part of the executive compensation program and consistent with competitive market practice. Consistent with market practices, the employment agreements do not include change in control-related tax gross-ups. In addition, the award agreements for the PSOs include accelerated vesting provision that provide for potential accelerated vesting in connection with a change in control transaction. Additional information regarding the employment arrangements with each of our named executive officers, including a quantification of benefits that would have been received by each named executive officer

44


had his employment terminated on December 31, 2023, is provided under “Employment Arrangements” and “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control” below.
Relationship of Executive Compensation to Risk

The Compensation Committee considers whether the design of the Company'sCompany’s executive compensation program encourages senior executives to engage in excessive risk-taking. The Compensation Committee reviews the overall program design, as well as the balance between short-term and long-term compensation, the metrics used to measure performance and the award opportunity under the Company'sCompany’s incentive compensation program, and the implementation of other administrative features designed to mitigate risk such as vesting requirements, and stock ownership guidelines and our clawback policy, each as described above.in this Compensation Discussion and Analysis. Based on its review, the Compensation Committee believes that the Company'sCompany’s executive compensation program is aligned to the interests of stockholders, appropriately rewards pay for performance, and does not promote unnecessary andor excessive risk.

Our Executive Compensation Process

Stock Ownership Guidelines
The Compensation Committee of ourCompany believes it is important for directors and officers to hold Company stock. To that end, the Board is responsiblehas adopted stock ownership guidelines for determining the compensation for our named executive officers. The Compensation Committee is composed entirely of non-employee directors whoand officers and these guidelines are "independent" as that term is defined in the applicable NASDAQ rules. In determining executive compensation, our Compensation Committee annually reviews the performance of our executives with our Chief Executive Officer, and our Chief Executive Officer makes recommendations to our Compensation Committee with respect to the appropriate base salary, annual incentive bonuses and performance measures, and grants ofalso considered when granting long-term equity incentive awards for each of ourto executives. The Chairmanownership guidelines provide a target level of Company equity holdings with which directors and officers are expected to comply by the earlier of the Compensation Committee makes recommendations tofive-year anniversary of the Compensation Committee with regards todate of his or her appointment as a director or officer and the five-year anniversary of the effective date of the stock ownership guidelines. The target stock holdings are determined as a multiple of the director or officer’s base director’s fee or base salary, as applicable, as follows: 5x for all directors and the Chief Executive Officer's compensation. The Compensation Committee makes its determination regardingOfficer, 3x for the other named executive compensationofficers, and 1x for other Section 16 officers and other vice presidents/officers, and then recommends such determinationconverted to a fixed number of shares using a 200-day average stock price. The following shares are included in determining compliance with the stock ownership guidelines: (i) shares owned outright by the director or officer or his or her immediate family members residing in the same household; (ii) shares held in the Plug Power Inc. Savings and Retirement Plan; (iii) shares purchased pursuant to the Board. Plug Power Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan; (iv) restricted stock issued as part of an executive’s annual or other bonus (whether or not vested); (v) shares acquired upon the exercise of employee stock options; (vi) shares held in trust; and (vii) in the case of a director, shares held by a corporation controlled by that director. As of the date of this proxy statement, all non-employee directors who have served on the Board for five years and officers subject to the stock ownership guidelines were in compliance with the stock ownership requirements.
Prohibition Against Hedging and Pledging
The Board ultimately approves executive compensation.

        As a result, the total amount of compensationCompany maintains an internal Insider Trading Policy that we paidis applicable to our executives,employees, including our executive officers, and directors. Among other things, the typespolicy prohibits any director or employee of the Company (including executive compensation programs we maintained,officers) from (i) engaging in short sales of the Company’s securities and from trading in puts, calls or options in respect of the amountCompany’s securities; (ii) buying or selling puts, calls or other derivative securities of compensation paidthe Company or engaging in any other hedging transactions with


45


respect to our executives under each program has been determined bythe Company’s securities; (iii) purchasing any securities of the Company with money borrowed from a bank, brokerage firm or other person for the purpose of purchasing securities or using the Company’s securities as collateral in a margin account; (iv) pledging Company securities as collateral for a loan (or modifying an existing pledge); or (v) donating or making any other transfer of Company securities without consideration when the donating employee, director, or executive officer is not permitted to trade, unless the donee agrees not to sell the shares until the donating employee, director, or executive officer is permitted to sell.
Clawback Policy
In March 2019, our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors adopted a Policy for Recoupment of Incentive Compensation that covers incentive compensation paid to our executive officers who are subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In 2022, the SEC adopted final rules implementing the incentive-based compensation recovery provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, and, in 2023, Nasdaq has adopted final listing standards consistent with the SEC rules. On November 30, 2023 we adopted an updated Compensation Recovery Policy, effective as of October 2, 2023 (the “Clawback Policy”), to comply with applicable Nasdaq Rules. The Clawback Policy provides that if we are required to prepare an accounting restatement due to our material non-compliance with any financial reporting requirement, we must reasonably promptly recover (subject to certain limited exceptions described in the Clawback Policy and as permitted by the final clawback rules) any cash or equity incentive compensation received by any current or former executive officer during the three fiscal years preceding the date we are required to restate our financial statements that is in excess of the amount that would have been received based on their understandingthe restated financial statements. The recovery of such compensation applies regardless of whether a covered executive engaged in misconduct or otherwise caused or contributed to the requirement to prepare an accounting restatement. The foregoing summary of the market, experienceClawback Policy does not purport to be complete and is qualified in makingits entirety by reference to the full text of the Clawback Policy, a copy of which can be found as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Tax and Accounting Considerations
Deductibility of Executive Compensation
The Compensation Committee considered the deductibility of compensation for federal income tax purposes in the design of the Company’s compensation programs. While the Company generally seeks to maintain the deductibility of the incentive compensation paid to its executive officers, the Compensation Committee retains the flexibility necessary to provide cash and equity compensation in line with competitive practices, its compensation philosophy and the best interests of stockholders, even if these typesamounts are not fully tax deductible.
Taxation of decisions,“Parachute” Payments
Sections 280G and judgment regarding4999 of the appropriateInternal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), provide that executive officers and directors who hold significant equity interests and certain other service providers may be subject to significant additional taxes if they

46


receive payments or benefits in connection with a change in control of the Company that exceed certain prescribed limits, and that the Company (or a successor) may forfeit a deduction on the amounts subject to this additional tax. We have not agreed to provide any executive officer, including any named executive officer, or director with a “gross- up” or other reimbursement payment for any tax liability that the executive officer or director might owe as a result of the application of Sections 280G or 4999 of the Code.
Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code
Section 409A of the Code imposes additional significant taxes in the event that an executive officer, director or service provider receives “deferred compensation” that does not satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although we do not currently maintain a nonqualified deferred compensation plan, Section 409A of the Code may apply to certain severance arrangements, bonus arrangements and typesequity awards. We aim to structure all our severance arrangements, bonus arrangements and equity awards in a manner to either avoid the application of Section 409A or, to the extent doing so is not possible, to comply with the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
We follow FASB ASC Topic 718 for our stock-based compensation awards. FASB ASC Topic 718 requires us to measure the compensation expense for all share-based awards made to our employees and non-employee members of our Board, including options to purchase shares of our common stock and other stock awards, based on the grant date “fair value” of these awards. This calculation is performed for accounting purposes and reported in the executive and director compensation to provide.

tables required by the federal securities laws, even though the recipient of the awards may never realize any value from their awards.

Compensation Committee Report

The following Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on Executive Compensation will not be deemed incorporated by reference by any general statement incorporating by reference this Proxy Statement into any of the Company'sCompany’s filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act, of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates this information by reference, and will not otherwise be deemed filed under such Acts.

The Compensation Committee reviews and evaluates individual named executive officers and recommends or determines the compensation for each named executive officer (See "Executive Compensation").officer. The Compensation Committee also oversees management'smanagement’s decisions concerning the performance and compensation of other Company officers, administers the Company'sCompany’s incentive compensation and other stock-based plans, evaluates the effectiveness of its overall compensation programs, including oversight of the Company'sCompany’s benefit, perquisite and employee equity programs, and reviews the Company'sCompany’s management succession plans. A more complete description of the Compensation Committee'sCommittee’s functions is set forth in the Compensation Committee'sCommittee’s charter which is published on the "Investors"“Investor Relations” section of the Company'sCompany’s website atwww.plugpower.com. Each member of the Compensation Committee is an independent director as defined in the NASDAQNasdaq Rules.

        In general, the Compensation Committee designs compensation to attract, retain and motivate a superior executive team, reward individual performance, relate compensation to Company goals and objectives and align the interests of the executive officers with those of the Company's stockholders. We rely upon our judgment about each individual—and not on rigid guidelines or formulas, or short-term changes in business performance—in determining the amount and mix of compensation elements for each senior executive officer. Key factors affecting our judgments include: the executive's performance compared to the goals and objectives established for the executive at the beginning of the year; the nature, scope and level of the executive's responsibilities; the executive's contribution to the Company's financial results; the executive's effectiveness in leading the Company's initiatives to increase customer value, productivity and revenue growth; and the executive's contribution to the Company's commitment to corporate responsibility, including the executive's success in creating a culture of unyielding integrity and compliance with applicable law and the Company's ethics policies.

The Compensation Committee has reviewed the Compensation“Compensation Discussion and AnalysisAnalysis” and discussed that analysis with Management.management. Based on its review and

47

TABLE OF CONTENTS

discussions with Management,management, the Compensation Committee recommended to our Board of Directors that the Compensation“Compensation Discussion and AnalysisAnalysis” be included in the Company'sCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172023 and the Company'sCompany’s proxy statement relating to the Company's 2018 annual meetingCompany’s 2024 Annual Meeting of stockholders.Stockholders. This report on executive compensation for is provided by the undersigned members of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

Gary K. Willis (Chairman)
(Chair)
Patrick Joggerst
Gregory Kenausis
George C. McNamee
Douglas Hickey

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During 2017,2023, Messrs. Willis (Chairman)(Chair), McNameeJoggerst, Kenausis and HickeyMcNamee served as members of the Compensation Committee. None of themthe members of our Compensation Committee was an employee or officer of the Company during 2023, a former officer of the Company, or had any relationshipother relationships with the Companyus requiring disclosure under applicable rules and regulationsherein. None of our executive officers currently serves or has served as a director or member of the SEC.

compensation committee (or other committee serving an equivalent function) of any other entity whose executive officers served as one of our directors or a member of the Compensation Committee.

2023 Summary Compensation

Table

The following table sets forth information concerningthe total compensation for services rendered in all capacities awarded to, earned by orand paid induring the last three fiscal years to the Company'sindicated for each of our named executive officers.

officers:
Name and Principal PositionYearSalary
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock Awards
($)
Option
Awards
($)
(1)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
(2)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total ($)
Andrew J. Marsh
President, Chief Executive President
2023750,0006,485,00017,805(3)7,252,805
2022750,00016,555766,555
2021750,00050,800,000682,50015,80552,248,305
Paul B. Middleton
Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
2023400,0003,242,50017,805(3)3,660,305
2022400,00016,555416,555
2021392,69225,400,000364,00015,80526,172,497
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.
General Counsel, Corporate
Secretary and Executive Vice
President
2023400,000150,000(4)3,242,50017,805(3)3,810,305
2022400,00016,555416,555
2021363,46222,860,000364,00015,74323,603,205
Jose Luis Crespo
General Manager, Applications and Electrolyzers and Executive Vice President
2023400,0003,242,50017,805(3)3,660,305
2022400,00016,555416,555
2021400,00016,510,000364,00015,80517,289,805

48

Name and Principal Position
 Year Salary
($)
 Option
Awards
($)(1)
 Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)(2)
 All Other
Compensation
($)
 Total
($)
 

Andrew J. Marsh

  2017  600,000  2,366,000  150,000  14,100(3) 3,130,100 

President, Chief Executive

  2016  600,000  1,303,125  300,000  13,750(3) 2,216,875 

Officer and Director

  2015  600,000  1,475,000  450,000  13,750(3) 2,538,750 

Paul B. Middleton

  2017  375,000  929,500  93,750  14,100(4) 1,412,350 

Chief Financial Officer and

  2016  375,000  417,000  187,500  13,750(4) 993,250 

Senior Vice President

  2015  375,000  491,750  281,250  40,750(4) 1,188,750 

Jose Luis Crespo

  2017  220,000  549,250  220,000  14,100(5) 1,003,350 

Vice President—Global

  2016  220,000  278,000  440,000  13,750(5) 951,750 

Sales

  2015  220,000  491,750  440,000  13,750(5) 1,165,500 

Keith Schmid

  2017  391,000  1,098,500  97,750  14,100(6) 1,601,350 

Chief Operating Officer and

  2016  391,000  347,500  195,500  13,750(6) 947,750 

Senior Vice President

  2015  391,000  491,750  293,250  13,750(6) 1,189,750 

Gerard L. Conway, Jr. 

  2017  280,000  549,250  52,500  14,100(7) 895,850 

General Counsel, Corporate

  2016  280,000  208,500  105,000  13.750(7) 607,250 

Secretary and Senior Vice

  2015  280,000  393,400  157,500  13,750(7) 844,650 

President

                   

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name and Principal PositionYearSalary
($)
Bonus
($)
Stock Awards
($)
Option
Awards
($)
(1)
Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
(2)
All Other
Compensation
($)
Total ($)
Sanjay K. Shrestha
General Manager, Energy Solutions, Chief Strategy Officer, and Executive Vice President
2023400,0003,242,50017,805(3)3,660,305
2022400,00016,555416,555
2021381,73125,400,000364,00015,80526,161,536
(1)

This column represents the aggregate grant date fair value of the option awardawards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures.forfeitures related to service-based vesting. For additional information on the valuation assumptions with respect to option awards, refer to note 16Note 19 of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements in ourthe Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with2023. The values reported for the SEC. These amounts reflectperformance-based stock options represent the Company's accounting expense, excluding the impactgrant date fair values of estimated forfeitures, for these awards, and do not correspond to the actual value that will be recognized by the named executives.

such performance-based stock options based on a Monte Carlo valuation.
(2)

This column represents the dollar amount of bonuses earned by executives under our non-equityannual cash incentive plan.

(3)
Includes
Represents the Company'sCompany’s share of matching contributions in the amount of $16,500 in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 on behalf of Mr. Marsheach of the named executive officers to the Plug Power 401(k) savings plan inas well as the amount of $13,500, $13,250 and $13,250, in the years ended 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and payments of $600, $500, and $500 for life insurance premiums in each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(4)
Includes the Company'sCompany’s share of contributions on behalf of Mr. Middleton to the Plug Power 401(k) savings plan in the amount of $13,500, 13,250 and $13,250 in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, payment of $600, $500 and $500 for life insurance premiums in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and payment of $27,000 for moving and relocation expenses in the year ended December 31, 2015.

(5)
Includes the Company's share of contributions on behalf of Mr. Crespo to the Plug Power 401(k) savings plan in the amount of $13,500, $13,250, and 13,250 in the years ended December 31,2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and payment of $600, $500 and $500$1,305 for life insurance in the years ended December 31, 2017. 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(6)
Includes the Company's share of contributions on behalf of Mr. Schmid to the Plug Power 401(k) savings plan in the amount of $13,500, $13,250, and $13,250, in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and payment of $600, $500, and $500, for life insurance premiums for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

(7)
Includes the Company's share of contributions on behalf of Mr. Conway to the Plug Power 401(k) savings plan in the amount of $13,500, $13,250 and $13,250 in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, payments of $600, $500, and $500 for life insurance premiums in each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016,named executive officers.
(4)
Represents a May 2023 cash award to Mr. Conway in recognition of his assistance beyond his normal duties and 2015, respectively.responsibilities and his contributions in connection with certain governmental affairs and regulatory matters.

Pay Ratio Disclosure Rule.
Pursuant to a mandate of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act"“Dodd-Frank Act”), the SEC adopted a rule requiring annual disclosure of the ratio of the median employee'semployee’s annual total compensation to the total annual compensation of the principal executive officer ("PEO"(“PEO”). The PEO of our Company is Mr. Marsh.

        We believe that

SEC rules permit us to identify our compensation philosophy must be consistent and internally equitable to motivate our employees to create shareholder value. The purpose of the new required disclosure is to provide a measure of the equitability of pay within the organization. We are committed to internal pay equity, and our Compensation Committee monitors the relationship between the pay our PEO receives and the pay our non-executive employees receive.

        For 2017, the annual total compensation of Mr. Marsh, our PEO, of $3,130,100 as shown in the Summary Compensation Table above, was approximately 56 times the annual total compensation of $56,282 of a median employee once every three years so long as there has not been a change in our employee population or employee compensation arrangements that we reasonably believe would significantly impact our pay ratio disclosure. There has not been a significant change during the year ended December 31, 2023 in our employee population or employee compensation arrangements from 2022. Therefore, we have calculated inthe CEO pay ratio for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 using the same manner. We identified the median employee usingidentified with respect to the amount reported asyear ended December 31, 2022. Our median employee compensation on the employee's Form W-2 for the year ended December 31, 20172023 as calculated using Summary Compensation Table requirements was $64,219. Mr. Marsh’s compensation for all individuals who were employed by us onthe year ended December 31, 2017,2023 as reported in the last daySummary Compensation Table was $7,252,805. Therefore, our Chief Executive Officer pay ratio is approximately 113:1.


49

TABLE OF CONTENTS

This information is being provided for compliance purposes and is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with SEC rules, based on our internal records and the methodology described above. The SEC rules for identifying the median compensated employee allow companies to adopt a variety of our payroll year (whether employed on a full-time, part-time, or seasonal basis).

methodologies, to apply certain exclusions and to make reasonable estimates and assumptions that reflect their employee populations and compensation practices. Accordingly, the pay ratio reported by other companies may not be comparable to the pay ratio reported above, as other companies have different employee populations and compensation practices and may use different methodologies, exclusions, estimates and assumptions in calculating their own pay ratios. Neither the Compensation Committee nor management of the Company used the Chief Executive Officer pay patio measure in making compensation decisions.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards

The following table sets forth information concerning the grants of plan-based awards to the Company’s named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Name
Grant
Date
(1)
Estimated Future
Payouts Under Non-Equity
Incentive Plan Awards
(2)
Estimated Future
Payouts Under Equity
Incentive Plan Awards
(3)
Exercise or
Base Price of
Option
Awards
($/Share)
(4)
Grant Date
Fair Value
of Stock and
Option
Awards ($)
(5)
Threshold
($)
Target
($)
Maximum
($)
Threshold
(#)
Target
(#)
Maximum
(#)
Andrew J. Marsh487,500750,0001,012,500
5/18/2023500,0001,000,0001,500,0007.876,485,000
Paul B. Middleton260,000400,000540,000
5/18/2023250,000500,000750,0007.873,242,500
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.260,000400,000540,000
5/18/2023250,000500,000750,0007.873,242,500
Jose Luis Crespo260,000400,000540,000
5/18/2023250,000500,000750,0007.873,242,500
Sanjay K. Shrestha260,000400,000540,000
5/18/2023250,000500,000750,0007.873,242,500
 
  
  
  
 All Other
Option
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Options (#)(1)
  
  
 
 
 Estimated future payouts
under non-equity
incentive plan awards
  
  
 Grant Date
Fair Value
of stock
and option
Awards(3)
 
 
  
 Exercise or
Base Price
of Option
Awards ($/Sh)(2)
 
Name
 Threshold ($) Target ($) Grant Date 

Andrew Marsh

  600,000  600,000  08/31/17  1,400,000  2.14  2,366,000 

Paul B. Middleton

  243,750  375,000  08/31/17  550,000  2.14  929,500 

Jose Luis Crespo

  220,000  440,000  08/31/17  325,000  2.14  549,250 

Keith Schmid

  254,150  391,000  08/31/17  650,000  2.14  1,098,500 

Gerard L. Conway, Jr

  84,000  210,000  08/31/17  325,000  2.14  549,250 

(1)
This column shows
Each equity incentive award was approved by our Compensation Committee on the grant date indicated.
(2)
The amounts reported represent the threshold, target and maximum amounts of potential cash payouts under our annual incentive bonus program. No annual incentive bonuses were paid to the named executive officers for 2023.
(3)
These columns show the threshold, target and maximum number of shares underlying performance-based stock options granted in 20172023 to our named executive officers. These performance-based stock options are earned upon the named executives. These options generallyachievement of certain stock price hurdles during the three-year performance period, and earned shares vest and become exercisable ratably in three equal annual installments, beginning one year from the date of grant.

(2)
grant, subject to the named executive officer’s continued service to us through the applicable vesting date.
(4)
This column shows the per share exercise price for the stock options granted, which was the closing price of our Common Stock on the date of grant.

(3)
granted.
(5)
This column represents the aggregate grant date fair value of the stock awards and option awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)FASB ASC Topic 718. Pursuant to SEC rules, the amounts shown exclude the impact of estimated forfeitures.forfeitures related to

50


service-based vesting. For additional information on the valuation assumptions with respect to option awards, refer to note 16Note 19 of the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements in ourthe Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed with the SEC.2023. These amounts reflect

    the Company'sCompany’s accounting expense for these awards, excluding the impact of estimated forfeitures, and do not correspond to the actual value that willmay be recognized by theour named executives.

executive officers.


51


Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table provides information on the holdings of stock optionsand option awards by theour named executive officers as of December 31, 2017.2023. There were no other stock or option awards held by theour named executive officers as of December 31, 2017.2023. For additional information about the option awards, see the description of equity incentive compensation in the section titled "Compensation“Compensation Discussion and Analysis."

Name
Grant
Date
(1)
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
(2)
Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
(3)(4)
Option
Exercise
Price ($)
Option
Expiration
Date
Andrew J. Marsh
8/28/18166,6671.968/28/28
8/19/19216,6672.238/19/29
8/19/19216,6672.628/19/29
9/28/20275,00013.209/28/30
9/28/20275,00015.519/28/30
9/22/21666,667333,33326.929/22/28
9/22/213,000,00026.929/22/28
5/18/231,000,0007.875/18/30
5/18/23500,0007.875/18/30
Paul B. Middleton
8/28/1866,6671.968/28/28
8/19/1983,3332.238/19/29
8/19/1983,3332.628/19/29
9/28/20100,00013.209/28/30
9/28/20100,00015.519/28/30
9/22/21422,222211,11126.929/22/28
9/22/211,366,66726.929/22/28
5/18/23500,0007.875/18/30
5/18/23250,0007.875/18/30
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.
8/28/1866,6671.968/28/28
8/19/1966,6672.238/19/29
8/19/1966,6672.628/19/29
9/28/2087,50013.209/28/30
9/28/2087,50015.519/28/30
9/22/21380,000190,00026.929/22/28
9/22/211,230,00026.929/22/28
5/18/23500,0007.875/18/30
5/18/23250,0007.875/18/30

52

 
 Option Awards 
Name
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Exercisable(1)
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
Unexercisable(2)
 Option
Exercise
Price
 Option
Expiration
Date
 

Andrew Marsh

  40,000    35.80  4/8/18 

  250    9.50  5/20/19 

  106,600    6.10  4/13/21 

  200,000    2.17  12/13/21 

  200,000    0.37  7/24/23 

  1,000,000    5.39  7/24/24 

  500,000  250,000  2.43  7/23/25 

  312,500  625,000  1.72  8/9/26 

    1,400,000  2.14  8/31/27 

Paul B. Middleton

  250,000    3.54  12/1/24 

  166,667  83,333  2.43  7/23/25 

  100,000  200,000  1.72  8/9/26 

    550,000  2.14  8/31/27 

Keith Schmid

  400,000    0.57  10/23/23 

  400,000    5.39  7/24/24 

  166,667  83,333  2.43  7/23/25 

  83,333  166,667  1.72  8/9/26 

    650,000  2.14  8/31/27 

Gerard L. Conway, Jr. 

  2,700    26.00  1/24/18 

  250    9.50  5/20/19 

  41,000    6.10  4/13/21 

  16,666    2.17  12/13/21 

  133,333    0.37  7/24/23 

  250,000    5.39  7/24/24 

  133,333  66,667  2.43  7/23/25 

  50,000  100,000  1.72  8/9/26 

    325,000  2.14  8/31/27 

Jose Luis Crespo

  200,000    4.41  2/26/24 

  50,000    5.39  7/24/24 

  166,667  83,333  2.43  7/23/25 

  66,667  133,333  1.72  8/9/26 

    325,000  2.14  8/31/27 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name
Grant
Date
(1)
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Exercisable
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options (#)
Unexercisable
(2)
Equity
Incentive
Plan Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
(3)(4)
Option
Exercise
Price ($)
Option
Expiration
Date
Jose Luis Crespo
8/28/1866,6681.968/28/28
8/19/1966,6672.238/19/29
8/19/1966,6672.628/19/29
9/28/20175,00013.209/28/30
9/22/21274,445137,22226.929/22/28
9/22/21888,33326.929/22/28
5/18/23500,0007.875/18/30
5/18/23250,0007.875/18/30
Sanjay K. Shrestha
5/9/19100,0002.315/9/29
9/28/20112,50013.209/28/30
9/28/20112,50015.519/28/30
9/22/21422,222211,11126.929/22/28
9/22/211,366,66726.929/22/28
5/18/23500,0007.875/18/30
5/18/23250,0007.875/18/30
(1)
This column represents
All equity awards were granted pursuant to our 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”) or the 2021 Plan.
(2)
Each time-based equity award vests over a three-year period with one-third (1/3) of the shares subject to the award vesting on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to the executive’s continued service to us through each applicable vesting date.
(3)
The performance-based stock option granted to Mr. Marsh in 2021 vests as follows: (i) up to one-third (1/3) of the shares underlying the performance-based stock option vest and become exercisable on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, provided that the daily volume weighted average price of the Company’s common stock during any 30 consecutive trading day period in the three year performance period following the grant date of the stock options (“VWAP”) equals or exceeds certain levels; (ii) 25% of the shares underlying the performance stock option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $35; an additional 25% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $50; an additional 16.675% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $65; an additional 16.65% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $80 and the remaining 16.675% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied

53

TABLE OF CONTENTS

the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals or exceeds $100; and (iii) failure to achieve any of the stock price hurdles applicable to a performance stock option during the three-year performance period will result in the applicable shares being forfeited. Each performance-based stock option granted to each of Messrs. Middleton, Conway, Crespo and Shrestha in 2021 vest as follows: (i) up to one-third (1/3) of the shares underlying the performance-based stock options vest and become exercisable on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, provided that the VWAP equals or exceeds certain levels; (ii) 25% of the shares underlying the performance stock options will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $35; an additional 25% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $50; and the remaining 50% of the shares underlying the option will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals or exceeds $100; (iii) if the VWAP falls between two of the stock price hurdles, an incremental number of shares underlying the options will become exercisable based on linear interpolation in $1 increments; and (iv) failure to achieve any of Common Stockthe stock price hurdles applicable to a performance stock option during the three-year performance period will result in the applicable shares being forfeited. Twenty-five percent of the shares underlying the performance-based stock options granted in 2021 were earned and became eligible to vest because the VWAP exceeded $35.
(4)
The performance-based stock options granted to the named executive officers in 2023 vest as follows: (i) up to one-third (1/3) of the shares underlying the performance-based stock options vest and become exercisable on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date, provided that the VWAP equals or exceeds certain levels; (ii) 33.33% of the shares underlying the performance stock options will be deemed to have vested assatisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $9.84; an additional 33.33% of the shares underlying the options will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals $11.81; and the remaining 33.34% of the shares underlying the options will be deemed to have satisfied the performance-based vesting and will be eligible to vest over time if the VWAP equals or exceeds $13.77; and (iii) failure to achieve any of the stock price hurdles applicable to a performance stock options during the three-year performance period will result in the applicable shares being forfeited. Two-thirds of the shares underlying the performance-based stock options granted in 2023 were earned because the VWAP exceeded both $9.84 and $11.81 during 2023; however, the exercise price of these options was higher than the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2017.2023.


54

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(2)
This column represents the number of shares of Common Stock that have not vested as of December 31, 2017.

Option Exercises and Stock Vested

There were no stock options exercised by our named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table sets forth information with respect to restricted stock awards held by each of theour named executive officers that exercised stock options or vested in restricted stock during the year ended December 31, 2017.


Option Exercises and Stock Vested—2017

2023.
Stock Awards
NameNumber of
Shares Acquired
on Vesting
Value Realized
on Vesting
(1)($)
Andrew J. Marsh183,3331,417,164
Paul B. Middleton66,667515,336
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.58,333450,914
Jose Luis Crespo58,333450,914
Sanjay K. Shrestha75,000579,750
 
 Option awards Stock awards 
Name
 Number of
shares
acquired on
exercise
 Value
realized on
exercise ($)
 Number of
shares
acquired on
vesting
 Value
realized
on vesting(1)
 

Paul B. Middleton

      13,334 $31,468 

(1)
(1)
Amounts disclosed in this column were calculated based on the fair market value of the shares on the date of settlement upon vesting.

Employment Agreements

Arrangements

The Company and Mr. Marsh are parties to an employment agreement which renews automatically for successive one-year terms unless Mr. Marsh or the Company gives notice to the contrary. Mr. Marsh receives an annual base salary of $600,000$750,000 and is eligible to: (i) receive an annual incentive bonus of up totargeted at an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%)100% of his annual base salary; (ii) participate in all savings and retirement plans; and (iii) participate in all benefit plans and executive perquisites. Mr. Marsh'sMarsh’s employment may be terminated by the Company with or without "Cause,"“Cause,” as defined in the agreement, or by Mr. Marsh for "Good“Good Reason," as defined in the agreement, and includes a material negative change in his compensation or responsibilities or a material change to his current geographic work location, or without "Good Reason"Good Reason upon written notice of termination to the Company. If Mr. Marsh'sMarsh’s employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other thanwithout Cause, death or disability, or in the event that Mr. Marsh terminates his employment with the Company and is able to establish "Good Reason," the Company is obligated to pay Mr. Marsh a lump sum equal to the sum of the following amounts:

    (a)
    one (1) times annual base salary, and

    (b)
    one (1) times the annual incentive bonus for the immediately preceding fiscal year.

In addition, as of the date of termination, any restricted stock, stock options and other stock awards held by Mr. Marsh will accelerate vestingand vest as if he had remained an employee for an additional twelve (12) months following the date of termination. Further, subject to Mr. Marsh’s copayment of premium amounts at the Company is requiredactive employees’ rate, Mr. Marsh will be eligible to continue paying forto participate in the Company’s group health, dental, vision and life insurance and other benefits for Mr. Marsh and his eligible family membersprograms for twelve (12) months following his termination. The agreement also provides among other things, that if, within twelve (12) months after a "Change of“Change in Control," as defined in the agreement, the Company terminates Mr. Marsh'sMarsh’s employment without Cause or Mr. Marsh terminates his employment for Good Reason, then he is be entitled to:

              (i)  

(1)
receive a lump sum payment equal to three (3) times the sum of (1)(i) his current annual base salary plus (2)(ii) his average annual incentive bonus over the three (3) fiscal years prior to the Change ofin Control (or his annual incentive bonus for the fiscal year immediately preceding to the Change ofin Control, if higher),


55

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(2)
accelerated vesting of his stock options and other stock-based awards that would have vested had he remained an active employee for twelve (12) months following his termination, and
(3)
subject to Mr. Marsh’s copayment of premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, continued participation in the Company’s group health, dental, vision and life insurance programs for twelve (12) months following such termination.
The Company and Messrs. Middleton, Conway, Crespo and Shrestha are each parties to an employment agreement with the Company pursuant to which, if the executive’s employment is terminated by the Company without “Cause,” as defined in the applicable agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the executive a lump sum amount equal to one (1) times or, in the case of Mr. Shrestha, 0.5 times, his annual base salary. In addition, as of the date of termination, all vested stock options held by the executive will be exercisable for twelve (12) months following the termination date. Further, for Messrs. Middleton and Conway, subject to the executive’s copayment of premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, the Company is required to continue paying its share of the premiums for the executive’s participation in the Company’s group health plans for twelve (12) months following his termination. In the case of Messrs. Crespo and Shrestha, they are entitled to have their group health insurance extend through the end of the month in which the date of termination occurs and the Company will either provide a lump sum payment or a monthly subsidy equal to twelve (12) times the Company’s share of the monthly health insurance premium for the health insurance plan applicable on the date of termination.
The employment agreements also provide that if, within twelve (12) months after a “Change in Control,” as defined in the applicable agreement, the Company terminates such executive’s employment without Cause or the executive terminates his employment for “Good Reason,” as defined in the applicable agreement, then such executive shall be (entitled to: (i) receive a lump sum payment equal to 100% of, or in the case Mr. Shrestha 50% of, the sum of (i) his average annual base salary over the three (3) fiscal years immediately prior to the Change in Control (or the executive’s annual base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control, if higher) and his average annual bonus over the three (3) fiscal years prior to the Change in Control (or the executive’s annual bonus in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control, if higher), (ii) accelerated vesting of his stock options and other stock-based awards that would have vested had he remained an active employee for twelve (12) months following his termination and


            (iii)  receive benefits, including health and life insurance for twelve (12) months following the Change of Control.

        The Company and Messrs. Middleton, Schmid, Conway, and Crespo are parties to Executive Employment Agreements pursuant to which if any of their employment is terminated by the Company for any reason other than "Cause," as defined(or, in the agreement, death or disability, or in the event that any terminates his employment with the Company and is able to establish "Good Reason," as defined in the agreement and includes a material negative change in his compensation or responsibilities or a material change to his current geographic work location, the Company is obligated to pay each an amount equal to his annual base salary. In addition, ascase of the dateMr. Middleton, full accelerated vesting of termination, any restricted stock,all stock options and other stockstock-based awards held by each will accelerate vesting as if he had remained an employee for an additional twelve (12) months followinghim), (iii) subject to the dateexecutive’s copayment of termination. Further,premium amounts at the active employees’ rate, continued payment by the Company is required to continue payingof its share of the premiums for a portion ofthe executive’s participation in the Company’s group health insurance for each and his eligible family members for twelve (12) months following his termination.

        In addition, Messrs. Middleton, Schmid, Conway and Crespo are entitled to exercise any vested stock optionsplans for twelve (12) months following the date of termination for Messrs. Middleton and Conway or, in the case of Messrs. Crespo and Shrestha, they are entitled to have their group health insurance extend through the end of the month in which the date of termination occurs and the Company is requiredwill either provide a lump sum payment or monthly subsidy equal to continue payingtwelve (12) times the Company’s share of the monthly health insurance premium for the health insurance plan applicable on the date of termination, and other benefits(iv) all reasonable legal and arbitration fees and expenses incurred in obtaining or enforcing any right or benefit under the executive’s employment agreement except in cases involving frivolous or bad faith litigation.


56

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pursuant to eachthe award agreements for the performance-based stock options granted to the named executive officers, if a Sale Event occurs, the number of shares earned will be determined as of immediately prior to the sale event based on the sale price in the transaction. If the performance-based stock options are not assumed, substituted or continued by the Company or its successor entity, and his eligible family membersany earned shares underlying the performance-based stock options will accelerate and vest as of immediately prior to the Sale Event. If the performance-based stock options are assumed, substituted or continued in a Sale Event, the earned shares will vest on the earlier of (x) the original time-based vesting date and (y) the termination of the named executive officer’s service relationship by the Company or its successor without “Cause” or by the named executive officer for twelve (12) months following his termination. The Executive Employment Agreements also provide, among other things, that if, within twelve (12) months after a "Change of Control,"“Good Reason” ​(each, as defined in the agreement, the Company terminates such executive's employment without Cause, then such executive shall be entitled to:

    (i)
    receive a lump sum payment equal to the sum of (1) his average annual base salary over the three (3) fiscal years immediately prior to theapplicable award agreement).
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change ofin Control (or the executive's annual base salary in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control, if higher) and (2) his average annual bonus over the three (3) fiscal years prior to the Change of Control (or the executive's annual bonus in effect immediately prior to the Change of Control, if higher),

(ii)
accelerated vesting of his stock options and other stock-based awards that would have vested had he remained an active employee for twelve (12) months following his termination, and

(iii)
receive benefits, including health and life insurance for twelve (12) months following the Change of Control.

        The Company and

Messrs. Marsh, Middleton, Schmid, Conway, Crespo and CrespoShrestha are parties to employment agreements respectively,with the Company that provide for a potential payment and benefits upon terminationcertain qualifying terminations of employment other than for "Cause" as discussed above inEmployment Agreements.

        Such “Employment Arrangements.” In addition, the award agreements for the performance-based stock options granted to each named executive officer provide for potential acceleration of vesting in connection with a Sale Event, as also described above in “Employment Arrangements.”

Severance payments byand benefits under the Company to any of the executivesemployment agreements are subject to the executive signing a general release of claims in a form and manner satisfactory to the Company.Company and such release becoming effective. An executive is not entitled to receive any such payment or benefits in the event he breaches the Employee Patent, Confidential Information and Non-Compete Agreement referenced in the executive'sexecutive’s respective employment agreement or any non-compete, non-solicit or non-disclosure covenants in any agreement between the Company and such executive. We agreed to provide severance payments to such executives in these circumstances based on our negotiations with each of our executives at the time theyhe joined our Company, or as negotiated subsequent to hiring, and in order to provide a total compensation package that we believedbelieve to be competitive. Additionally, we believe that providing severance upon a termination of employment without causeCause can help to encourage our executives to take the risks that we believe are necessary for our Company to succeed and also recognizesrecognize the longer hiring process typically involved in hiring a senior executive.

If Mr. Marsh had been terminated without causeCause on December 31, 2017,2023 and such termination was not within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the approximate value of the severance package, including, as mentioneddescribed above inEmployment Agreements, “Employment Arrangements,” salary, benefits and accelerated vesting of equity awards, under his employment agreement would have been $1,245,915.$863,014. If Mr.Messrs. Middleton, Mr. Schmid, Mr. Conway, Crespo or Mr. CrespoShrestha, had been terminated without causeCause on December 31, 2017,


2023 and such termination was not within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control, the approximate value of the severance packages, including, as mentioneddescribed above inEmployment Agreements, “Employment Arrangements,” salary, benefits and accelerated vesting of equity awards, under the respective employment agreement for such named executive officer would have been:been as follows: Mr. Middleton—$700,846,Middleton — $469,305, Mr. Schmid—$722,436,Conway — $478,152, Mr. Conway—$469,365,Crespo — $459,241, and Mr. Crespo—$744,436.

        The Company and Shrestha — $273,249.

Messrs. Marsh, Middleton, Schmid, Conway, Crespo and CrespoShrestha are parties to employment agreements with the Company, respectively, that provide for a potential payment upon a "Change

57

TABLE OF CONTENTS

termination of employment by the Company without Cause or a resignation by the executive for Good Reason within twelve (12) months following a Change in Control," as discussed above inEmployment Agreements. “Employment Arrangements.” Such payments by the Company to any of the executives are subject to the executive signing a general release of claims in a form and manner satisfactory to the Company.Company and the effectiveness of such release. An executive is not entitled to receive any such payment in the event he breaches the Employee Patent, Confidential Information and Non-Compete Agreement referenced in the executive'seach executive’s respective employment agreement or any non-compete, non-solicit or non-disclosure covenants in any agreement between the Company and such executive.

We agreed to provide payments to these executives in these circumstances in order to provide a total compensation package that we believedbelieve to be competitive. Additionally, the primary purpose of our equity-based incentive awards is to align the interests of our executives and our stockholders and provide our executives with strong incentives to increase stockholder value over time. As change ofin control transactions typically represent events where our stockholders are realizing the value offor their equity interests in our Company, we believe it is appropriate for our executives to share in this realization of stockholder value, particularly where their employment is terminated in connection with the change ofin control transaction. We believe that this will also help to better align the interests of our executives with our stockholders in pursuing and engaging in these transactions.

If a change of controlChange in Control had occurred on December 31, 20172023 and on that date the employment of Mr. Marsh, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Schmid,Conway, Mr. Conway, orCrespo and Mr. CrespoShrestha had been terminated by the Company without Cause experienced a material negative change in his compensation or responsibilities or experienced a material change to his current geographic work location,the executive had resigned for Good Reason, the value of the change of control paymentsthe severance packages, including, as mentioned above in “Employment Arrangements,” salary, benefits and benefitsaccelerated vesting of equity awards, under the employment agreements and performance-based stock option awards for each such named executive officer would have been as follows: Mr. Marsh—$3,011,300,Marsh — $4,444,552, Mr. Middleton—$679,211Middleton — $796,792, Mr. Schmid—$699,878,Conway — $712,947, Mr. Conway—$453,211Crespo — $833,395, and Mr. Crespo—$731,347.Shrestha — $405,070. The employment agreements provide for a modified cutback such that, any payments or benefits payable under the employment agreements or otherwise would be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the payments inCode, the eventexecutive will receive the greater after-tax amount of either: (i) the full payment or (ii) a reduced payment that does not give rise to the total value of all change of control benefits exceed the maximum benefit that allows for aexcise tax deduction for the Company underimposed by Section 280G4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.Code. The foregoing numbers do not reflect any cutback.

None of the executives are entitled to any tax gross- up payments related to severance payments or otherwise.


58


PROPOSAL 2: APPROVALTABLE OF THE RESTRICTED STOCK ISSUANCE

Background Information

        On July 20, 2017,CONTENTS


Pay Versus Performance Disclosure
Pursuant to Section 953(a) of the CompanyDodd-Frank Act and Walmart, Inc. ("Walmart") entered into a Transaction Agreement (the "Transaction Agreement"), pursuant to whichItem 402(v) of SEC Regulation S-K, we are providing the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant (the "Warrant"following information about the relationship between executive “compensation actually paid” ​(or “CAP”) to acquire up to 55,286,696 sharesthe Company’s principal executive officer (“PEO”) and average CAP of the non-PEO named executive officers (the "Warrant Shares"“Non-PEO NEOs”) of Common Stock, subject to certain vesting events described below and adjustment in certain cases. The Company and Walmart entered into the Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements, and certain amendments thereto for the benefitaspects of the Company, between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deploymentfinancial performance of the Company's GenKey fuel cell technology at Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate future purchase orders for the Company's fuel cell technology. The vesting of the Warrant, described below, is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements. The Board believes that the transactions contemplated by the Warrant and the Transaction Agreement (together, the "Walmart Investment Documents") help to align the Company's and Walmart's interests in the context of the parties' commercial relationship and will result in significant benefits to the Company and its stockholders over the long-term. Walmart has historically been one of the Company's largest customers.

        The Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart's payment of up to $600 million to the Company in connection with existing commercial agreements or other qualified Walmart purchases of hardware, services and fuel from the Company. The first trancheCompensation Committee does not utilize CAP as the basis for making compensation decisions. For further information concerning our compensation philosophy and how we align executive compensation with our performance, please see our Compensation Discussion and Analysis.

Pay Versus Performance Table
Value of Initial Fixed $100
Investment Based on:
(4)
Year(1)
Summary
Compensation
Table Total
for PEO
(2)
Compensation
Actually Paid
to PEO
(3)
Average
Summary
Compensation
Table Total
for Non-PEO
NEOs
(2)
Average
Compensation
Actually Paid
to Non-PEO
NEOs
(3)
Plug Power
Total
Shareholder
Return
Peer Group
Total
Shareholder
Return
(5)
GAAP Net
Income
($mil.)
GAAP
Revenue
($mil.)
2023$7,252,805$(4,110,966)$3,697,805$(1,575,440)$142$170$(1,369)$891
2022$766,555$(75,973,705)$935,683$(26,246,111)$391$190$(724)$701
2021$52,248,305$3,988,254$23,665,540$11,696,569$893$274$(460)$502
2020$13,630,072$80,721,434$5,333,470$27,607,125$1,073$282$(596)$(93)
(1)
Andrew J. Marsh served as the PEO for the entirety of 5,819,652 Warrant Shares vested upon2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Our Non-PEO NEOs for the executionapplicable years were as follows:

2023: Paul B. Middleton, Sanjay K. Shrestha, Gerard L. Conway, Jr., and Jose Luis Crespo

2022: Paul B. Middleton, Sanjay K. Shrestha, Gerard L. Conway, Jr., Jose Luis Crespo, Dirk Ole Hoefelmann, and Keith C. Schmid

2021: Paul B. Middleton, Sanjay K. Shrestha, Dirk Ole Hoefelmann, and Gerard L. Conway, Jr.

2020: Paul B. Middleton, Sanjay K. Shrestha, Keith C. Schmid, and Jose Luis Crespo
(2)
Amounts reported in these columns represent (i) the total compensation reported in the Summary Compensation Table (“SCT”) for the applicable year in the case of our PEO, Mr. Marsh, and (ii) the average of the Warrant and other transaction documents. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Warrant Shares will vesttotal compensation reported in four installments of 7,274,565 Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make aggregate payments of $50 millionthe SCT for the applicable year for our Non-PEO NEOs.
(3)
Amounts reported in these columns represent CAP; adjustments were made to the Company, up to a total of $200 millionamounts reported in payments. The exercise pricethe SCT for the firstapplicable year. A reconciliation of the adjustments for Mr. Marsh and second tranchesfor the average of Warrant Sharesthe Non-PEO NEOs is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made paymentsset forth in the following table, which describes the adjustments, each of which is prescribed by the SEC rules, to calculate the CAP Amounts from SCT amounts.

59

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2023202220212020
PEOAverage
Non-PEO
NEOs
PEOAverage
Non-PEO
NEOs
PEOAverage
Non-PEO
NEOs
PEOAverage
Non-PEO
NEOs
Summary Compensation Table Total$7,252,805$3,697,805$766,555$935,683$52,248,305$23,665,540$13,630,072$5,333,470
Minus Change in Pension Value Reported in SCT for the Covered Year
$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
Plus Pension Value Service Cost for the Covered Year
$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
Minus Stock Award Value and
Option Award Value Reported
in SCT for the Covered Year
$(6,485,000)$(3,242,500)$0$517,333$50,800,000$22,887,250$11,438,075$4,168,991
Plus Year End Fair Value of
Equity Awards Granted During
the Covered Year that Remain
Outstanding and Unvested as
of Last Day of the Covered
Year
$2,945,000$1,472,500$0$324,000$52,156,620$22,534,449$32,956,000$11,986,625
Plus Year over Year Change in
Fair Value as of the Last Day of
the Covered Year of
Outstanding and Unvested
Equity Awards Granted in
Prior Years
$(6,350,608)$(2,967,601)$(73,054,958)$(25,617,390)$(40,367,440)$(9,546,769)$33,624,033$11,020,441
Plus Fair Value as of Vesting Date
of Equity Awards Granted and
Vested in the Covered Year
$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
Plus Year over Year Change in Fair Value as of the Vesting Date of Equity Awards Granted in Prior Years that Vested During the Covered Year
$(1,473,163)$(535,644)$(3,685,302)$(1,371,071)$(9,249,231)$(2,069,401)$11,949,404$3,435,580
Minus Fair Value at the End of the Prior Year of Equity Awards that Failed to Meet Vesting Conditions in the Covered Year
$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
Plus Value of Dividends or other
Earnings Paid on Stock or
Option Awards Not Otherwise
Reflected in Fair Value or Total
Compensation for the Covered
Year
$0$0$0$0$0$0$0$0
Compensation Actually Paid$(4,110,966)$(1,575,440)$(75,973,705)$(26,246,111)$3,988,254$11,696,569$80,721,434$27,607,125
(4)
Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) is cumulative for the measurement periods beginning on December 31, 2019 and ending on December 31 of each of 2023, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, calculated in accordance with Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K.
(5)
“Peer Group” represents the NASDAQ Clean Edge Green Energy Index, a published industry index, which is used by the Company totaling $200 million,for purposes of compliance with Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K.
In the third tranchetable above, the unvested equity values are computed in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes, and for unvested awards subject to

60

TABLE OF CONTENTS

performance-based vesting conditions, based on the probable outcome of 20,368,784 Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make aggregate payments of $50 million to the Company, up to a total of $400 million in payments. The exercise price per share of the third tranche of Warrant Shares will be an amount equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the Common Stock (the "30-Day VWAP")such performance-based vesting conditions as of the final vesting datelast day of the second tranche of Warrant Shares; provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no less than $1.1893. The Warrant is exercisable through July 20, 2027. The exercise priceyear.
Performance Measures Used to Link Company Performance and the Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant are subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.

        A more detailed discussion of the Walmart Investment Documents is provided below under the heading "The Walmart Investment Documents." The Transaction Agreement and the Warrant are attached as exhibits to the Company's current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 21, 2017.

        The Warrant may be exercisable for up to 55,286,696 shares of the Common Stock, representing approximately 24.6% of the 224,750,472 shares of the Common Stock issued and outstanding on July 20, 2017. As a result, the issuance of the Warrant and the exercise thereof may result in Walmart owning more than 20% of the Common Stock or voting power outstanding immediately prior to the Company entering into the Walmart Investment Documents (the "NASDAQ Share Limitation"). Further, the exercise price of $2.1231 per share for the first and second tranches of Warrant Shares is less than the $2.13 closing bid price per share of the Common Stock on July 19, 2017, the trading day preceding the execution of the Walmart Investment Documents. To the extent any exercise of the Warrant would result in the issuance of shares of Common Stock equal to or in excess of the NASDAQ Share Limitation for less than the greater of the book value of the Common Stock and the market


value of the Common Stock, such issuance is subject to the prior approval of our stockholders as required under the listing rules of the NASDAQ Capital Market (the "Restricted Stock Issuance").

        Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, the Company is required to seek stockholders approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance at the Annual Meeting, and in the event such approval is not obtained at the Annual Meeting, the Company is required to seek such approval at a meeting of the stockholders at least once each calendar year and within thirteen months of the previous meeting of the stockholders at which such approval was sought until approval is obtained or the Warrant is no longer outstanding.

The Walmart Investment Documents

CAP. The following is a summarylist of performance measures, which in our assessment represent the key terms of the Walmart Investment Documents:

Transaction Agreement

        The Transaction Agreement sets forth certain governance arrangements and provisions relating to Walmart's equity interest in the Company.

        The Transaction Agreement includes customary representations and warranties of the Company, including representations and warranties relating to the following:

    the organization and authority of the Company and its subsidiaries;

    the Company's capital structure;

    due authorization and enforceability of the Warrant, the Transaction Agreement and the other agreements with Walmart;

    the absence of conflicts with, or violations of, organizational documents, other contracts and applicable laws;

    required regulatory filings and approvals of governmental entities;

    documents filed with the SEC and financial statements;

    internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures;

    the absence of a material adverse effect;

    the absence of certain litigation and liabilities;

    the inapplicability of anti-takeover statutes or provisions in the Company's organizational documents;

    the disclosure of related party transactions; and

    broker's fees payable in connection with the transactions.

        The Transaction Agreement includes customary representations and warranties of Walmart, including those relating to the organization and authority of Walmart, the due authorization and enforceability of the agreements with the Company, the absence of conflicts with, or violations of, organizational documents, other contracts and applicable laws, required regulatory filings and approvals of governmental entities, Walmart's lack of ownership of our Common Stock or securities representing rights to acquire our Common Stock and broker's fees payable in connection with the transactions.


        The Transaction Agreement includes customary covenants and agreements between the Company and Walmart, including, but not limited to, covenants relating to:

    the Company not taking any action that would cause the transactions to be subject to anti-takeover provisions or any shareholder rights plan;

    the efforts requiredmost important performance measures used by the parties to obtain any required regulatory approvals;

    cooperation between the Company and Walmart in connection with public announcements;

    unless otherwise provided, the responsibility of each party to bear and pay costs and expenses incurred by it in connection with the transactions; and

    compliance with applicable securities laws.

        The Transaction Agreement requires that the Company seek stockholder approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance at the Annual Meeting. The Company has agreed to use reasonable best efforts to obtain stockholder approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance at the Annual Meeting.

        The Transaction Agreement contains certain restrictions on Walmart's ability to transfer the Warrant and the Warrant Shares. Other than Permitted Transfers (as defined below), Walmart may not transfer (i) the Warrant, (ii) any Warrant Shares to a person that owns more than 10% of the outstanding Common Stock (other than transfers of Warrant Shares in an open market sale of Common Stock or pursuant to an underwritten offering), or (iii) Warrant Shares that represent greater than 10% of the outstanding Common Stock in a single transaction (other than transfers of Warrant Shares in an open market sale of Common Stock or pursuant to an underwritten offering). For purposes of the Transaction Agreement, the term "Permitted Transfer" means transfers (1) to a wholly owned subsidiary that executes a joinder to the Transaction Agreement, (2) in connection with certain acquisition transactions approved by the Board, (3) required by, or reasonably necessary, in order for Walmart to obtain governmental approval for an acquisition, (4) in connection with certain acquisitions of persons that already hold equity securities of the Company or (5) required under applicable law.

        The Transaction Agreement contains certain customary standstill restrictions that remain in effect during the period from the execution of the Transaction Agreement until such time as Walmart and its affiliates beneficially own less than ten percent (10%) of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (the "Standstill Period"). Among other things, the standstill restrictions prohibit Walmart, during the Standstill Period, from:

    acquiring equity securities, derivative instruments, or debt securities of the Company other than (i) pursuant to the Warrant Shares acquired in accordance with the Transaction Agreement, (ii) as a result of a stock split, stock dividend or distribution, other subdivision, reorganization, reclassification or similar capital transaction involving equity securities of the Company or (iii) by a transfer of the Warrant to Wal-Mart or a wholly owned subsidiary of Wal-Mart;

    engaging in a proxy solicitation with respect to the Company;

    calling or seeking to call a meeting of Company stockholders or initiating any stockholder proposal;

    nominating or seeking to nominate any person to the Board;

    depositing voting securities of the Company into a voting trust or entering into a voting agreement or granting a proxy to any other person;

    announcing, entering into, or proposing a merger, business combination, recapitalization, restructuring, change in control transaction or other similar extraordinary transaction involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than as set forth in the Transaction Agreement;

    either alone or in concert with others, seeking to control or influence the management or the policies of the Company (other than through the appointment of a Walmart designee);

    taking actions that would reasonably be expected to require the Company to make public disclosure of any of the events listed above;

    advising or knowingly assisting or encouraging or entering into any discussions, negotiations or arrangements with any other persons in connection with the foregoing;

    forming, joining or in any way participating in a group (other than a group consisting solely of Walmart and/or any of its affiliates) with respect to any voting securities of the Company; or

    publicly disclosing any intention, plan or proposal with respect to any of the foregoing.

        Notwithstanding the standstill restrictions, Walmart is not prohibited from making one or more confidential proposalslink compensation actually paid to the Companynamed executive officers for 2023. Each metric below is used for purposes of determining payouts under either our annual incentive program or vesting of our performance stock options. Please see the Board regarding an acquisitionsection titled “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” for a further description of the Company. In addition, the standstill restrictions terminate upon the public announcement by the Company that it has entered into a definitive agreement regarding an acquisition of the Company or upon the commencement of certain tender or exchange offers.

        During the Standstill Period, Walmartthese metrics and its affiliates may vote their shares of Common Stock for whichhow they are entitled to vote, up to 14.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, in their sole and absolute discretion, provided that Walmart and its affiliates are required to vote all of their shares of Common Stock for which they are entitled to vote in excess of 14.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock in accordance with the recommendation of the Board. Walmart has granted the Company, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, a proxy to vote its shares of the Common Stockused in the manner described above.Company’s executive compensation program.

Revenue
EBITDAS
Gross Margin
Inventory
Stock Price
Relationship between CAP and TSR. The proxy is irrevocable duringgraph below illustrates the term of the Transaction Agreement.

        The Transaction Agreement obligates both the Company and Walmart, as promptly as reasonably practicable after written notice from Walmart, to file the appropriate notices and take such action as may be required to comply with the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the "HSR Act").

        The Transaction Agreement also contains certain registration right provisions. Under the Transaction Agreement, Walmart has up to three (3) demand registration rights, shelf registration rights and piggyback registration rights.

        The Transaction Agreement may be terminated with the consent of both the Company and Walmart, or by Walmart unilaterally in the event that (1) clearance under the HSR Act (if required) is not obtained within six months of filing or (2) stockholder approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance is not obtained at the Annual Meeting. If Walmart elects to terminate the Transaction Agreement as a result of the failure of the stockholders to approve the Restricted Stock Issuance at the Annual Meeting, Walmart must give prior written notice of such termination not later than the 90th day after the date of the Annual Meeting (or the date to which such meeting is postponed or adjourned). In the event of the termination of the Transaction Agreement, Walmart would retain the Warrant, which would be exercisable with respect to all Warrant Shares vested as of such time, and no further Warrant Shares would vest. Any purchases made by Walmart under the existing commercial agreements or otherwise after the termination of the Transaction Agreement would not result in the vesting of additional Warrant Shares. Walmart and its affiliates have no obligation to make purchases under the existing commercial agreements and may terminate the existing commercial agreements at any time to the extent permitted by and in accordance with their terms.


Warrant

        Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, on July 20, 2017 the Company issued the Warrant to Walmart. If fully vested, the Warrant is exercisable for up to 55,286,696 shares of the Common Stock, subject to adjustment in certain cases. The Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart's payment of up to $600 million to the Company in connection with existing commercial agreements or other qualified Walmart purchases of hardware, services and fuel from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Warrantrelationship between our TSR and the other transaction documents. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make aggregate payments of $50 million toPeer Group TSR, as well as the Company, up to a total of $200 million in payments. The exercise pricerelationship between CAP and our TSR for the firstPEO and second tranches of Warrant Shares is $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments toNon-PEO NEOs.

[MISSING IMAGE: bc_totalsharereturn-4c.jpg]

61

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Relationship between CAP and GAAP Net Income. The graph below illustrates the Company totaling $200 million,relationship between the third tranche of 20,368,784 Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make aggregate payments of $50 million toPEO and Average Non-PEO NEOs CAP and our GAAP Net Income.
[MISSING IMAGE: bc_netincome-4c.jpg]
Relationship between CAP and GAAP Revenue (our Company-Selected Measure). The graph below illustrates the Company, up to a total of $400 million in payments. The exercise price per share ofrelationship between the third tranche of Warrant Shares will be an amount equal to ninety percent (90%) ofPEO and Average Non-PEO NEOs CAP and the 30-Day VWAP as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Warrant Shares; provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise priceCompany’s GAAP revenue for the third tranche will be no less than $1.1893. The Warrant is exercisable through July 20, 2027.

        The Warrant may be exercised by payment of the exercise price in cash or, without payment of cash, by reducing the number of Warrant Shares obtainable upon the exercise of the Warrant so as to yield a number of Warrant Shares obtainable upon such exercise (rounded to the nearest whole Warrant Share) equal to the product of (x) the number of Warrant Shares otherwise issuable upon such exercise (either in full or in part) and (y) a fraction, the numerator of which is the excess of (1) the 30-Day VWAP immediately preceding the exercise date over (2) the exercise price, and the denominator of which is the 30-Day VWAP immediately preceding such exercise date.

        The Warrant may be transferred only to an affiliate of Walmart. Subject to certain exceptions, the exercise price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant are subject to adjustment as a result of stock splits, reclassifications or combinations involving Common Stock or the issuance of shares of Common Stock or other securities or rights exercisable or convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock, without consideration or at a consideration per share (or having a conversion price per share) that is less than 100% of the market price of Common Stock immediately prior to the date of the agreement of pricing of such shares (or of such convertible securities). Subject to certain exceptions, the exercise price and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrant are also subject to adjustment in connection with dividends or other distributions by the Company on shares of Common Stock and repurchases by the Company of outstanding Common Stock. A Permitted Repurchase (as defined below) does not result in such an adjustment. A "Permitted Repurchase" is defined as (a) a repurchase of shares in one or more "Dutch Auction" tender offers at a price no greater than 5% above the fair market value of the shares; (b) a purchase of equity interests of the Company pursuant to and in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (provided that, all equity interests repurchased under clauses (a) and (b) shall not exceed, in the aggregate and on an as-converted basis with respect to convertible securities, 5,736,311 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits and reverse stock splits); (c) one or more purchases of shares of Series C Preferred Stock, pursuant to and in the amounts and at the price specified in the Certificate of Designations of the Series C Preferred Stock; and (d) one or more purchases of Common Stock in connection with the net exercise of options, or the payments of tax withholding with respect to the Company's equity awards, issued under the Company's equity incentive plans.

        Upon the consummation of a Change of Control Transaction (as defined below) prior to the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate Warrant Shares, the Warrant will automatically vest and

applicable reporting year.

[MISSING IMAGE: bc_revenue-4c.jpg]

62

become exercisable with respect to an additional number of Warrant Shares such that 60% of the aggregate Warrant Shares shall have vested; provided that either (i) such Change of Control Transaction occurs after July 20, 2019 and Walmart has installed the Company's fuel cell technology at no fewer than fifteen (15) Walmart sites prior to such date, or (ii) such Change of Control Transaction occurs prior to July 20, 2019. If a Change of Control Transaction is consummated after the vesting of at least 60% of the aggregate Warrant Shares, then no acceleration of vesting will occur with respect to any of the unvested Warrant Shares as a result of the transaction. A "Change of Control Transaction" is defined generally as (a) a transaction in which a person or group becomes the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 50% or more of the outstanding equity interests of the Company; (b) with certain exceptions, a transaction in which the stockholders immediately prior to such transaction cease to beneficially own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the outstanding equity of the Company; (c) a Business Combination (as defined below) as a result of which at least 50% ownership of the Company is transferred to another person or group; (d) individuals who constitute the Continuing Directors (as defined below) of the Company, taken together, ceasing for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; or (e) any sale, lease, exchange, license, transfer or disposition of 50% or more of the consolidated assets, business, revenues, net income, or deposits of the Company. A "Business Combination" is defined as a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange, reorganization, recapitalization or similar extraordinary transaction involving the Company. "Continuing Directors" are defined as the directors of the Company as of July 20, 2017 and each other director, if, in each case, such other director's nomination for election to the Board is recommended by more than 50% of the Continuing Directors or more than 50% of the members of the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board who are Continuing Directors.

        Walmart is prohibited from exercising any portion of the Warrant to the extent that, as a result of any such exercise, the warrantholder would beneficially own more than 4.999% of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of such portion of the Warrant. The terms of the Warrant provide that this 4.999% beneficial ownership limitation may be increased by the holder thereof upon written notice to the Company, which notice will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is given.

Summary of the Proposal

        The Board is seeking approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance in order to comply with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d) and recommends that the stockholders approve the Restricted Stock Issuance.

        As a company listed on the NASDAQ Market, the Company is subject to NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d), which requires stockholder approval prior to any issuance or sale of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable for Common Stock, in a transaction other than a public offering in an amount that equals or exceeds 20% of the Common Stock or voting power outstanding immediately prior to such issuance if such securities are issued or sold for less than the greater of their book or market value. The NASDAQ rules define "market value" as the consolidated closing bid price immediately preceding the entering into of the binding agreement to issue the securities.

        As described above, the issuance of the Warrant Shares subject to the Warrant may result in Walmart owning more than 20% of outstanding shares of Common Stock immediately prior to the Company's entry into the Walmart Investment Documents. Stockholder approval is required under NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d) because the number of Warrant Shares subject to the Warrant exceeds 20% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock on the date the Warrant was issued and the exercise price for the first two tranches of Warrant Shares, $2.1231 per share, was less than the closing bid price of the Common Stock on July 19, 2017, the day immediately prior to the date of the Transaction Agreement and the date the Warrant was issued. The exercise price per share of the third tranche of Warrant Shares will be an amount equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-Day VWAP as of the final


vesting date of the second tranche of Warrant Shares and may be less than the closing bid price of the Common Stock on July 19, 2017.

        To comply with NASDAQ Listing Rule 5635(d), the Company is seeking stockholder approval for the Restricted Stock Issuance, which would result in Walmart owning more than the NASDAQ Share Limitation (i.e., more than 20% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of July 20, 2017, the date of execution of the Walmart Investment Documents).

Vote Required for Approval

        A quorum being present, approval of the Restricted Stock Issuance requires the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal. As of the close of business on the Record Date, our directors and executive officers and their affiliates beneficially owned 8,949,833 shares of Common Stock, or approximately 3.9% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding as of such date, of which 2,627,181 are shares of Common Stock, or approximately 1.1% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding as of such date, and the balance of which are options. We currently expect that our directors and executive officers will vote their shares that are entitled to vote in favor of the Restricted Stock Issuance.

Impact of Failure to Approve the Proposal

        If the Restricted Stock Issuance is not approved by stockholders, then the Warrant will be exercisable for, and the Company will be permitted to issue, only up to 44,725,343 Warrant Shares, representing 19.9% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of the close of business on July 20, 2017. The Company will not have authority to issue more than 44,725,343 Warrant Shares until such time, if any, as the stockholders approve the Restricted Stock Issuance.

        If the stockholders do not approve the Restricted Stock Issuance, Walmart will have the right to terminate the Transaction Agreement as described above, in which case Walmart would retain the Warrant, which would be exercisable with respect to all Warrant Shares vested as of such time, and no further Warrant Shares would vest. Any purchases made by Walmart under the existing commercial agreements or otherwise after the termination of the Transaction Agreement would not result in the vesting of additional Warrant Shares. Walmart and its affiliates have no obligation to make purchases under the existing commercial agreements and may terminate the existing commercial agreements at any time to the extent permitted by and in accordance with their terms.

        If the stockholders do not approve the Restricted Stock Issuance and Walmart does not exercise its right to terminate the Transaction Agreement, payments made by Walmart and its affiliates to the Company under the existing commercial agreements may result in the vesting of all 55,286,696 Warrant Shares but the Company will be permitted to issue no more than 44,725,343 Warrant Shares until such time, if any, as the stockholders approve the Restricted Stock Issuance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Recommendation of the Board

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE "FOR" THE APPROVAL OF THE RESTRICTED STOCK ISSUANCE.




PROPOSAL 3:2: NON-BINDING, ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Overview

        In accordance with

Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, which added Section 14A ofto the Exchange Act, we are providing our stockholders with the opportunity to vote on a non-binding, advisory resolution to approve the compensation of our Named Executive Officers, whichnamed executive officers. This vote is described innot intended to address any specific item of compensation or the section titled "Compensation Discussion and Analysis" in this Proxy Statement. Accordingly, the following resolution will be submitted for a stockholder vote at the Annual Meeting:

      "RESOLVED, that the stockholderscompensation of Plug Power Inc. (the "Company") approve, on an advisory basis,any particular officer, but rather the overall compensation of the Company's Named Executive Officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, in the Compensation Discussionour named executive officers and Analysis section,our compensation tablesphilosophy, policies and narrative discussion set forth in the Proxy Statement for this Annual Meeting."

practices.

As described in the section titled "Compensation“Compensation Discussion and Analysis,"” herein, our executive compensation program is designed to (1) attract and retain talented and experienced executives, (2) motivate and reward executives whose knowledge, skills and performance are critical to our success, (3) provide a competitive compensation package which is weighted towards pay-for-performance and in which total compensation is primarily determined by Company and individual results and the creation of shareholderstockholder value, (4) ensure fairness among the executive management team by recognizing the contributions each executive makes to our success, and (5) motivate our executives to manage our business to meet our short- and long-term objectives and reward them for meeting these objectives. In order to align executive compensation with the interests of our stockholders, an importanta significant portion of compensation for our Named Executive Officersnamed executive officers is "at“at risk," ” and/or contingent upon the successful achievement of annual as well as long-term strategic corporate goals that we believe will drive stockholder value. Stockholders are urged to read the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this Proxy Statement, which more thoroughly discusses how our compensation policies and procedures implement our compensation philosophy and objectives. The Compensation Committee and the Board believe that these policies and procedures are effective in implementing our compensation philosophy and in achieving itsour objectives.

Accordingly, we are asking our stockholders to vote “FOR” the following resolution at the Annual Meeting:

“RESOLVED, that the stockholders of Plug Power Inc. (the “Company”) approve, on an advisory basis, the compensation paid to the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed in this proxy statement pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion.”
We encourage stockholders to read closely the “Executive Compensation” section of this proxy statement beginning with “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” for additional details on the Company’s executive compensation programs and philosophy.
This vote is only advisory, and therefore will not be binding upon the Company, the Board, or the Board.Compensation Committee. However, the Board valuesand the Compensation Committee value constructive dialogue with, and the opinions of, our stockholders on executive compensation and other important governance topics with the Company's stockholders and encourages all stockholders to vote their shares on this matter.

Vote Required for Approval

        A quorum being present, the affirmative vote of a majority in voting power of the shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposal is required to approve this resolution. Even though this vote will neither be binding on the Company or the Board nor will it create or imply any change in the fiduciary duties of, or impose any additional fiduciary duty on, the Company or the Board, the Compensation Committee will take into account the outcome of the vote when considering future compensation decisions for our named executive compensation decisions.

officers.

Vote Required for Approval
A quorum being present, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes properly cast is required to approve this proposal. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not have an effect on the outcome of this proposal.

63

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Recommendation of the Board

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU VOTE "FOR"“FOR” THE APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE OVERALL COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY'SCOMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.

UNLESS OTHERWISE INSTRUCTED, PROXIES SOLICITED BY THE BOARD WILL BE VOTED "FOR"OFFICERS AS DISCLOSED IN THIS RESOLUTION.

PROXY STATEMENT.


64

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PROPOSAL 4:3: RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS

Introduction

The Audit Committee of the Board has appointed the firm of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP to serve as independent auditors of the Company for 2018. KPMG2024. Deloitte & Touche LLP has served as the Company'sCompany’s independent auditorsauditor since December 3, 2001.March 16, 2022. The Audit Committee reviewed and discussed its selection of, and the performance of, KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP for 2017.2023. As a matter of good corporate governance, the Audit Committee has determined to submit its selection to stockholders for ratification. If the selection of the independent auditors is ratified, the Audit Committee in its discretion may select different independent auditors at any time during the year if it determines that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

The Audit Committee has implemented procedures under the Company'sCompany’s Audit Committee pre-approval policy for audit and non-audit services (the "Pre-Approval Policy"“Pre-Approval Policy”) to ensure that all audit and permitted non-audit services to be provided to the Company have been pre-approved by the Audit Committee. Specifically, the Audit Committee pre-approves the use of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP for specific audit and non-audit services, within approved monetary limits. If a proposed service has not been pre-approvedpre- approved pursuant to the Pre-Approval Policy, then it must be specifically pre-approved by the Audit Committee before it may be provided by KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP. Any pre-approvedpre- approved services exceeding the pre-approved monetary limits require specific approval by the Audit Committee. For additional information concerning the Audit Committee and its activities with KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP, see "Committees“Committees and Meetings of the Board of Directors"Directors” and "Audit“Audit Committee Report"Report” above.

Representatives of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP attended all eightseven meetings of the Audit Committee in-person in 2017.during 2023. We expect that a representative of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP will attendbe present via live webcast at the Annual Meeting and the representative will have an opportunity to make a statement if he or she so desires. The representative will also be availabledesires and to respond to appropriate questions from stockholders.

questions.

Vote Required for Approval

A quorum being present, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of Common Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, present in person or represented by proxy at the Annual Meeting and entitled to vote on such proposalvotes properly cast is required for the ratification of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP as the Company'sCompany’s independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm for 2018.


2024. Abstentions and broker non-votes will not have an effect on the outcome of this proposal.

Recommendation of the Board

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS A VOTE "FOR"“FOR” THE RATIFICATION OF KPMGDELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS PLUG POWER INC.'S’S INDEPENDENT AUDITORSREGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR 2018.

2024.


65

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS


RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS POLICIES AND PROCEDURES AND TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED TRANSACTIONS

PERSONS

Investor Agreement
Pursuant to the Investor Agreement, Grove Energy, a subsidiary of SK Holdings, is entitled to designate one SK Designee to be appointed to the Board. Grove Energy has the right to require the Board to nominate an SK Designee for election to the Board by the stockholders of the Company at annual stockholder meetings until the earliest of (i) the date on which Grove Energy and affiliates beneficially own less than 4.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock and (ii) any expiration or termination of the Asia JV Agreement.
Related Party Transaction Policy
The Board has adopted a written related party transaction policy that requires the Company'sCompany’s General Counsel, together with outside counsel as necessary, to evaluate potential transactions betweenin which the Company is a participant and anyin which a related party or an affiliate of a related party has an interest prior to the Company entering into any such transaction. Certain related party transactions may requiretransaction to determine whether such contemplated transaction requires the approval of the Board, and itsthe Audit Committee.Committee, both or neither. The policy defines a "related party"“related party” as: (i) the Company'sCompany’s directors or executive officers, (ii) the Company'sCompany’s director nominees, (iii) security holders known to the Company to beneficially own more than 5% of any class of the Company'sCompany’s voting securities, or (iv) the immediate family members of any of the persons listed in items (i) – (iii). A person's "immediate family" includes such person's child, stepchild, parent, stepparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law or any other person (other than a tenant or employee) sharing the household of such person.

Other than as otherwise disclosed herein, since January 1, 2017, the Company has not entered into, and2023, there is not currently proposed, any transactionswas no transaction or series of similar transactions involving anto which the Company was or will be a party in which the amount in excess ofinvolved exceeded or will exceed $120,000 and in which any related party had or will have a direct or indirect material interest.



66

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of Common Stockour common stock as of March 26, 2018 (except as otherwise indicated) by:

    April 1, 2024:

all persons known by us to have beneficially owned 5% or more of the Common Stock;

our common stock;

each director of the Company;


the named executive officers; and


all current executive officers, directors, and executive officersnominees as a group.

The beneficial ownership of the stockholders listed below is based on publicly available information and from representations of such stockholders.

Shares Beneficially Owned(2)
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
NumberPercentage
(%)
Grove Energy Capital LLC(3)
54,966,1888.0%
The Vanguard Group(4)
53,987,2857.8%
BlackRock, Inc.(5)
51,301,0207.4%
Andrew J. Marsh(6)
3,026,985*
Paul B. Middleton(7)
1,269,199*
Gerard L. Conway, Jr.(8)
1,195,211*
Jose Luis Crespo(9)
1,108,049*
Sanjay K. Shrestha(10)
1,083,613*
Mark J. Bonney10,964*
Maureen O. Helmer(11)
207,323*
Patrick Joggerst9,233*
Gregory L. Kenausis (12)
376,549*
Kavita Mahtani (13)
48,483*
George C. McNamee(14)
1,050,176*
Kyungyeol Song(15)
*
Gary K. Willis(16)
638,628*
All current executive officers and directors as a group (15 persons)(17)(18)
11,879,1701.7%
 
 Shares Beneficially Owned(2) 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)
 Number Percentage (%) 

Black Rock, Inc.(3)

  14,357,035  6.3%

Johannes Minoh Roth(4)

  3,045,223  1.3%

Andrew Marsh(5)

  2,893,576  1.3%

George C. McNamee(6)

  1,236,714  * 

Keith Schmid(7)

  1,094,351  * 

Gerard L. Conway, Jr.(8)

  690,142  * 

Paul B. Middleton(9)

  567,849  * 

Jose Luis Crespo(10)

  505,728  * 

Gary K. Willis(11)

  481,353  * 

Maureen O. Helmer(12)

  366,648  * 

Douglas Hickey(13)

  235,933  * 

Gregory Kenausis(14)

  229,900  * 

Martin D. Hull(15)

  139,473  * 

Lucas P. Schneider(16)

  137,914  * 

Gregory B. Graves(17)

  107,104  * 

All executive officers and directors as a group (14 persons)(18)

  11,731,908  5.1%

*
*
Represents less than 1% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock

our common stock.
(1)

Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that each stockholder named in the table above has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by them. Unless otherwise indicated by footnote, the mailing address for each stockholder is c/o Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110.

(2)

The number of shares beneficially owned by each stockholder is determined under rules promulgated by the SEC and includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. Under Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, beneficial ownership includes any shares to which the individual or entity has sole or shared voting power or

67

TABLE OF CONTENTS

investment power and includes any shares as to which the individual or entity has the right to acquire beneficial ownership within 60 days of March 26, 2018,31, 2024, through the exercise of any warrant, stock option or other right. The inclusion in this table of such shares, however, does not constitute an admission that the named stockholder is a direct or indirect beneficial owner of such shares. The number of shares of Common Stockour common stock outstanding used in calculating the percentage for each listed person includes the shares of Common Stockcommon stock underlying options, warrants or other rights held by such person that are exercisable within 60 days of March 26, 201831, 2024 but excludes shares of Common Stockcommon stock underlying options, warrants or other rights held by any other person. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 228,605,480690,786,438 shares of Common Stockcommon stock outstanding as of

    March 26, 2018. April 1, 2024. Unless otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares of Common Stockcommon stock beneficially owned by the stockholder.

(3)

Information is based on a Schedule 13G13D amendment filed with the SEC on May 11, 2022. Grove Energy Capital LLC is owned by Plutus Capital NY, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Plutus”), and PNES Investments, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“PNES”). Plutus is wholly-owned by SK Holdings, a company organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea, and PNES is wholly-owned by PassKey, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“PassKey”). PassKey is wholly owned by SK E&S Americas, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“SK E&S Americas”). SK E&S Americas is wholly-owned by SK E&S Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea. 90% of the issued and outstanding common stock of SK E&S Co., Ltd. is owned by SK Inc. (formerly known as SK Holdings Co., Ltd.), a company organized under the laws of the Republic of Korea. The address of the principal business office of Grove Energy Capital LLC is 55 East 59th Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
(4)
Information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 13, 2024. The Vanguard Group reported shared voting power over 183,653 shares of common stock, sole dispositive power over 53,224,763 shares of common stock and shared dispositive power over 762,522 shares of common stock. The address of the principal business office of The Vanguard Group is 100 Vanguard Blvd, Malvern, PA 19355.
(5)
Information is based on a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on January 24, 2018.25, 2024. BlackRock, Inc. reported sole voting power over 50,065,374 shares of common stock and sole dispositive power over 51,301,020 shares of common stock. The address of the principal business office of BlackRock, Inc. is 55 East 52nd Street,50 Hudson Yards, New York, NY 10055.

(4)
10001.
(6)
Includes (a) 145,0002,150,001 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, and (b) 2,782,075of which 333,333 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.
(7)
Includes 1,022,222 shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of Series C Preferred Stock owned by Five T Capital Holding AG, of which Mr. Roth is the Managing Director and Chairman, and Five More Special Situations Fund Limited, of which Mr. Roth has equity interests. Mr. Roth disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares of Series C Preferred Stock directly held by Five T Capital Holding AG and Five More Special Situations Fund Limited, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein, if any, and this disclosure shall not be deemed an admission that Mr. Roth is the beneficial owner of any of such shares.

(5)
Includes 2,359,350 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(6)
Includes 201,000 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options, and 365,000of which 166,667 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.
(8)
Includes 921,668 shares of Common Stock held by a family trust.

(7)
Includes 1,050,000 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(8)
options, of which 166,667 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.
(9)
Includes 624,582816,113 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(9)
options, of which 166,667 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.

68

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(10)
Includes 516,667913,889 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(10)
options, of which 166,667 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.
(11)
Includes 483,33451,134 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(11)
(12)
Includes 178,300101,134 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(12)
(13)
Includes 172,30015,520 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(13)
(14)
Includes 161,000100,098 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(14)
Includes 135,000options, 300,000 shares of Common Stockcommon stock held by a family trust, 191 shares owned by Mr. McNamee’s spouse, and 315 shares owned by Mr. McNamee’s children.
(15)
Dr. Kyungyeol Song is an employee of SK E&S Co., Ltd. and does not receive any equity awards pursuant to the terms of the Investor Agreement.
(16)
Includes 182,098 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(15)
(17)
Includes 125,0007,363,321 shares of Common Stockcommon stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(16)
Includes 101,352options, of which 1,143,334 are exercisable within 60 days of April 1, 2024.
(18)
Consists of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

common stock reflected in notes (6) through (17)
Includes 69,767 and includes shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.

(18)
Includes 6,322,652 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options.
common stock beneficially owned by Martin D. Hull or Keith Schmid, who are executive officers but were not named executive officers in the last fiscal year.


69

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DELINQUENT SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

16(A) REPORTS

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company'sCompany’s officers, as defined by Section 16, and directors, and persons or entities who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company's outstanding shares of Common Stock (collectively, "Section 16 Persons"),Company’s equity securities, to file initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership with the SEC. Section 16 PersonsSuch persons or entities are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To our knowledge, based on our review of the copies of such filings and based on written representations, we believe that all such persons and entities complied on a timely basis with all Section 16(a) filing requirements during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, except that the following persons filed the following Form 3 or Form 4s were filed late on (1) September 5, 2017 for Messrs. McNamee, Graves, Hickey, Willis, Roth, Schneider, Kenauisis,the following dates:


On March 14, 2023, David Mindnich filed a Form 3 reflecting his beneficial ownership information following his appointment as an executive officer on February 17, 2023.

On April 13, 2023, Dirk Ole Hoefelmann and Ms. Helmer;Martin D. Hull each filed a Form 4 disclosing a tax withholding event in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards on March 3, 2023 and (2) October 10, 2017 for Messrs. McNamee, Graves,

April 6, 2023, respectively.

Hickey, Willis, Roth, Schneider, Kenauisis,


On May 31, 2023, Gerard L. Conway, Jr., Jose Luis Crespo, Andrew J. Marsh, Paul B. Middleton, David Mindnich, Keith C. Schmid, and Ms. Helmer, inSanjay K. Shrestha each case forfiled a Form 4 disclosing grants of options to purchase common stock grants made on May 18, 2023 pursuant to the Company's Director Compensation Policy2021 Plan.

On July 18, 2023, Mark J. Bonney and Patrick Joggerst each filed a Form 4 disclosing grants of options to purchase common stock made on July 10, 2023 pursuant to the 2021 Plan in accordance with the Company's Second Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan. Form 4s were filed late on (1) April 5, 2017 for Mr. Schneider and (2) May 15, 2017 for Gregory Graves, in each case for stock option grants made pursuant to the Company's Director Compensation PolicyPlan.

On September 21, 2023, Keith C. Schmid filed a Form 4 disclosing shares that were tendered as payment of the exercise price of stock options and tax liability on September 15, 2023.

On October 3, 2023, Martin D. Hull filed a Form 4 disclosing a tax withholding event in accordanceconnection with the Company's Second Amendedvesting of restricted stock awards on September 22, 2023 and Restated 2011 Stock Option and Incentive Plan.

September 29, 2023.


On November 3, 2023, Gregory L. Kenausis filed a Form 4 disclosing the exercise of options on October 23, 2023.

On January 18, 2024, David Mindnich filed a Form 4 disclosing a withholding event on September 5, 2023.

70

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBMISSION OF STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS OR DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS FOR 20192025 ANNUAL MEETING

Any stockholder proposals submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act Rule 14a-8 and intended to be presented at the 20182025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders must be received by the Company on or before November 30, 2018December 27, 2024 to be eligible for inclusion in the Company'sCompany’s proxy statement and form of proxy to be distributed by the Board in connection with that meeting. Any such proposal should be mailed to: Corporate Secretary, Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Albany,Latham, New York 12110. Such proposal must also comply with the requirements as to form and substance established by the SEC for such a proposal to be included in the proxy statement and form of proxy.

Any stockholder proposals (including recommendations of nomineesnominations for election to the Board) intended to be presented at the Company's 2019Company’s 2025 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, other than a stockholder proposal submitted pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 14a-8, must be received in writing at the principal executive office of the Company no earlier than January 16, 2019February 5, 2025 and no later than February 15, 2019.March 7, 2025. If the date of the 20192025 Annual Meeting is scheduled for a date more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after May 16, 2019,June 5, 2025, then such proposals must be received not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th90th day prior to the scheduled date of the 20192025 Annual Meeting or the 10th10th day following the day on which publishpublic announcement of the date of the 20192025 Annual Meeting is first made, as set forth in the Company's By-laws.Company’s Bylaws. Stockholder proposals must include all supporting documentation and satisfy other requirements required by the Company's By-laws.Company’s Bylaws. Proxies solicited by the Board will confer discretionary voting authority with respect to these proposals, subject to SEC rules governing the exercise of this authority.


DELIVERY OF PROXY MATERIALS AND ANNUAL REPORT

Electronic Delivery

        The

To comply with the universal proxy rules, stockholders who intend to solicit proxies in support of director nominees other than the Company’s nominees must provide notice of Annual Meetingthat sets forth the information required by Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act no later than April 6, 2025.
Stockholder nominees and Proxy Statement and 2017 Annual Report is available at www.proxyvote.com. Stockholders can elect to receive paper copies of the Annual Report and Proxy Statement in the mail by visiting at www.plugpower.com, by writing to Investor Relations atrequired notice should be mailed to: Corporate Secretary, Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, New York 12110.
We also encourage you to submit any such proposals and required notices via email to investors@plugpower.com.

71

TABLE OF CONTENTS
[MISSING IMAGE: px_2024plugpower1pg01-bw.jpg]
PLUG POWER INC.C/O BROADRIDGE P.O. BOX 1342BRENTWOOD, NY 1211011717 SCAN TO VIEW MATERIALS & VOTEVOTE BY INTERNETBefore The Meeting - Go to www.proxyvote.com or scan the QR Barcode aboveUse the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information. Vote by contacting11:59 P.M. ET on June 4, 2024. Have your notice or proxy card in hand when you access the Company at (518) 782-7700.

        Many brokerage firmswebsite, which will contain your voter control number, and banks are also offering electronic proxy materialsfollow the instructions to their clients. If you are a beneficial owner of Plug Power stock, youobtain your records.During The Meeting - Go to www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024You may contactattend the meeting via the Internet and vote during the meeting. Have the information that broker or bank to find out whether this service is available to you. If your broker or bank uses Broadridge Investor Communications, you can sign up to receive electronic proxy materials at www.proxyvote.com.

        "Householding" is the term used to describe the practice of delivering one copy of a document to a household of shareholders instead of delivering one copy of a document to each shareholderprinted in the household. Stockholders who share a common addressbox marked by the arrow available and who have not opted out offollow the householding process should receive a single copy of the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials for each account. If you received more than one copy of the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, you may elect to household in the future; if you received a single copy of the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, you may opt out of householding in the future, in either case, by writing to the Company at the following address, Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Albany, New York 12110, or by calling the Company at (518) 782-7700.


        In any event, you may obtain a copy of this Proxy Statement by writing to the Company at the following address: Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Albany, New York 12110.


ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

        The Company's 2017 Annual Report, including the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017, was furnished to stockholders with this Proxy Statement. Upon request, the Company will furnish without charge a copy of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, which has been filed with the SEC. Stockholders may receive a copy of our Form 10-K by:

    (1)
    Writing to Investor Relations at Plug Power Inc., 968 Albany Shaker Road, Latham, NY 12110;

    (2)
    Calling (518) 782-7700;

    (3)
    Accessing the Company's website atwww.plugpower.com; or

    (4)
    Accessing the SEC's website atwww.sec.gov.

Additional information, including our SEC filings and exhibits can be found on our webpage under the "Investor Relations" heading.


If you would like to reduce the costs incurred by our company in mailing proxy materials, Useinstructions.VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903Use any touch-tone telephone to transmit your voting instructions up untilinstructions. Vote by 11:59 P.M. ET on June 4, 2024. Have your notice or proxy card in hand when you call and then follow the instructions. John Sample 234567 VOTEinstructions.VOTE BY MAIL 1234567 123,456,789,012.12345MAILMark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage -paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, P.O. Box 1342, Brentwood, NY 11717. Your proxy card must be received by 11:59 P.M. ET on June 4, 2024. TO VOTE, MARK BLOCKS BELOW IN BLUE OR BLACK INK AS FOLLOWS: KEEPV48456-P10414KEEP THIS PORTION FOR YOUR RECORDS DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLY THISRECORDSTHIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED. For All Withhold All For All Except To withhold authority to vote for any individual nominee(s), mark “For All Except” and write the number(s) of theDATED.DETACH AND RETURN THIS PORTION ONLYPLUG POWER INC. The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR the following Class I Directors: nominee(s) on the line below. 0 0 0 1. Electionfollowing:1.Election of Class I Directors Nominees 01 Andrew Marsh 02 Gary K. Willis 03 MaureenDirectorsNominees:ForWithhold1a.Andrew J. Marsh!!1b.Maureen O. Helmer Helmer!!1c.Kavita Mahtani!!The Board of Directors recommends you vote FOR proposals 2 3 and 4. For 0 Against 0 Abstain 0 2 The3.2.The approval of the issuance by the Company of shares of common stock representing 20% or more of the Company's issued and outstanding common stock upon the exercise of a warrant issued by the Company to Walmart, Inc. 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 The approval of thenon-binding, advisory resolutionvote regarding the compensation of the Company's named executive officers. 4 Theofficers as described in the proxy statement. 3.The ratification of KPMGDeloitte & Touche LLP as the Company's independent auditorsregistered public accounting firm for 2018.2024. For Against Abstain! ! !! ! ! NOTE: Such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment thereof. 0 For address change/comments, mark here. (see reverse for instructions) Please indicate if you plan to attend this meeting Yes 0 No 0 Pleaseor postponement thereof.Please sign exactly as your name(s) appear(s) hereon. When signing as attorney, executor, administrator, or other fiduciary, please give full title as such. Joint owners should each sign personally. All holders must sign. If a corporation or partnership, please sign in full corporate or partnership name by authorized officer. Signatureofficer.Signature [PLEASE SIGN WITHIN BOX] Date SignatureDateSignature (Joint Owners)Date 02 0000000000 1


TABLE OF 1 1 2 0000372505_1 R1.0.1.17 SHARES CUSIP # JOB #SEQUENCE # VOTE BY INTERNET - www.proxyvote.com Use the Internet to transmit your voting instructions and for electronic delivery of information up until 11:59 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your proxy card in hand when you access the web site and follow the instructions to obtain your records and to create an electronic voting instruction form. ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF FUTURE PROXY MATERIALS you can consent to receiving all future proxy statements, proxy cards and annual reports electronically via e-mail or the Internet. To sign up for electronic delivery, please follow the instructions above to vote using the Internet and, when prompted, indicate that you agree to receive or access proxy materials electronically in future years. VOTE BY PHONE - 1-800-690-6903 P.M. Eastern Time the day before the cut-off date or meeting date. Have your 234567 1234567 Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope we have provided or return it to Vote Processing, c/o Broadridge, 51 Mercedes Way, Edgewood, NY 11717. NAME THE COMPANY NAME INC. - COMMON THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS A THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS B THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS C THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS D THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS E THE COMPANY NAME INC. - CLASS F THE COMPA N Y NAME INC. - 401 K CONTROL #  SHARES123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 123,456,789,012.12345 x PAGE1 OF 2 C/O BROADRIDGE PO BOX 1342 BRENTWOOD, NY 11717 Investor Address Line 1 Investor Address Line 2 Investor Address Line 3 Investor Address Line 4 Investor Address Line 5 8 8 8 1 1234 ANYWHERE STREET ANY CITY, ON A1A 1A1 234567 234567 234567

CONTENTS


[MISSING IMAGE: px_2024plugpower1pg02-bw.jpg]

FOR SECURITY PURPOSES, PLEASE BRING A VALID PICTURE ID IF YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE MEETING Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:The Notice, & Proxy Statement and Form 10-KAnnual Report to Stockholders are available at www.proxyvote.com Annualwww.proxyvote.com.V48457-P10414Annual Meeting of the Stockholders of PLUGofPLUG POWER INC. May 16, 2018INC.June 5, 2024 at 10:00 AM Eastern Time TheTimeSOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORSThe stockholder(s) hereby acknowledges receipt of the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement, and hereby appoint(s) each of Andrew J. Marsh and Gerard L. Conway, Jr. as proxy,proxies, each with the power to appoint his substitute, and authorize(s) them to represent and to vote each of Andrew Marsh and all of the shares of Common Stockcommon stock of PLUG POWER INC. that the stockholder(s) is/are entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held at 10:00 AM, Eastern Time on May 16, 2018,June 5, 2024, over the Internet at the offices of Goodwin Procter LLP, 620 Eighth Avenue, New York, NY 10018www.virtualshareholdermeeting.com/PLUG2024 and at any adjournment or postponement thereof, upon the matters set forth in the Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement dated March 30, 2018. THISApril 26, 2024.THIS PROXY, WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED, WILL BE VOTED IN THE MANNER DIRECTED BY THE UNDERSIGNED STOCKHOLDER. IF PROPERLY EXECUTED AND NO DIRECTION IS MADE, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED "FOR" THE DIRECTOR NOMINEES NAMED IN ITEMPROPOSAL 1, "FOR" THE APPROVAL OF THE ISSUANCE OF 20% OR MORE OF THE COMPANY’S COMMON STOCK UPON THE EXERCISE OF A WARRANT ISSUED BY THE COMPANY TO WALMART, INC. IN ITEM 2, "FOR" THE APPROVAL OF THENON-BINDING ADVISORY RESOLUTIONVOTE REGARDING THE COMPENSATION OF THE COMPANY’S NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS IN ITEM 3,PROPOSAL 2, AND "FOR" THE RATIFICATION OF KPMGDELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP AS THE COMPANY’S INDEPENDENT AUDITORSREGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM FOR 20182024 IN ITEM 4.PROPOSAL 3. THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED IN THE DISCRETION OF THE PROXYPROXIES ON ANY OTHER MATTERS THAT MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE MEETING. Address change/comments: (If you noted any Address Changes and/or Comments above, please mark corresponding box on the reverse side.) ContinuedMEETING.Continued and to be signed on reverse side 0000372505_2 R1.0.1.17




QuickLinks

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE AVAILABILITY OF PROXY MATERIALS FOR THE STOCKHOLDER MEETING TO BE HELD ON MAY 16, 2018
IMPORTANT VOTING INFORMATION STOCKHOLDERS MAY REQUEST ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF PROXY DOCUMENTS.
INFORMATION REGARDING ADMISSION TO THE ANNUAL MEETING
ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING
PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
Recommendation of the Board
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR DIRECTORS
COMMITTEES AND MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Option Exercises and Stock Vested—2017
PROPOSAL 2: APPROVAL OF THE RESTRICTED STOCK ISSUANCE
Recommendation of the Board
PROPOSAL 3: ADVISORY VOTE ON EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Recommendation of the Board
Recommendation of the Board
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
SUBMISSION OF STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS FOR 2019 ANNUAL MEETING
DELIVERY OF PROXY MATERIALS AND ANNUAL REPORT
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
0001093691 5 2023-01-01 2023-12-31